African American History 2

Front 1

March on Washington Movement

Back 1

A. Philip Randolph organized black Americans in the nation's capital in January 1941 to demand equal opportunity for blacks in defense industries and end to "their humiliation in the armed services"

Front 2

Executive Order 8802

Back 2

banned racial discrimination in defense industries and created the Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) to ensure compliance

to investigate complaints of discrimination and address grievance

but was sabotage from the start by lack of enforcement , limited budget, and poor leadership

Front 3

African Americans in WW2

Back 3

asked Roosevelt to intermingling white ad black soldier but he refused. They never saw combat and was forced to do mess or unskilled labor.

Women forces to service work like swept,served food, they were then allowed to be nurses.

they knew theirs was a double fight: Their fight for freedom would be for both their nation and their race.

Front 4

African Americans in war industries

Back 4

To protest work of jail order blacks move to the west coast.Women got a chance to leave domestic work. It provided jobs for them to leave the South

Front 5

Congress of Racial Equality

Back 5

purpose of mounting civil disobedience or direct action campaigns to end segregation. Staged first sit down strikes to end segregation in northern restaurants and other public and private places

nonviolent direct action campaigns to end segregation. Journey of Reconciliation where blacks sat in front of whites

Front 6

Mabel Staupers

Back 6

executive secretary of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses, led a successful letter writing campaign to end discrimination in the army and navy nursing corps. Once that happen she wanted black nurse into the profession at large. Got the American Nurses Association to eliminate the color bar

Front 7

Jackie Robinson

Back 7

first black baseball player in the major league

Front 8

Althea Gibson

Back 8

First African american to compete in the US National tennis Championship, Wimbledon.

Front 9

Lena Horne

Back 9

she was light skinned actress who never denied being black to get more roles.

Front 10

Brown v Board of Ed

Back 10

rule that segregation solely on the basis of race violated black children's 14th amendment. Black children suffered a psychological impairment that could stay with them the rest of their lives.

Front 11

Emmitt Till

Back 11

mother had an open coffin funeral and to let the world see what happen to her son. help fueled the movement,

Front 12

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Back 12

Boycott started by rosa parks being forced off the bus and it happen for 381 days required companies to lay off workers, cut cost and raise fare

Front 13

Little Rock

Back 13

admit 9 black students and the governor orders the Arkansas National Guard to surround the school to block the students. But president Eisenhower called for army and national guard to protect them.

Front 14

Ella Baker

Back 14

disagreed with MLK top-down leadership style so she help students organize SNCC.

Front 15

Sit-ins

Back 15

did this to desegregate public accommodation, private department stores, and recreation facilities.

Front 16

SNCC

Back 16

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee included members of all races

Front 17

Birmingham

Back 17

one of the most dangerous places in America; nicknamed "Bombingham" if blacks stepped out of their place they would have their homes blown up; compared to south africa; demonstrations there energized the civil rights movement

Front 18

George Wallace

Back 18

blocks desegregation at the university of the Alabama by blocking the doorway for 2 black students

Front 19

Medgar Evers

Back 19

NAACP leader who was ambushed and shot dead in his driveway in Jackson Mississippi after JFK speech

Front 20

March on Washington

Back 20

For Jobs and Freedom

It marked the culmination of nonviolent direct-action efforts to end segregation in every segment of American life and achieve economic justice for black Americans.

Front 21

Urban League

Back 21

fought for city ordinances to outlaw real estate practices that preyed on white fears, pressured the FHA to issue loans to blacks and let them buy foreclosed homes in white areas, and lobbied state agencies to revoke the licenses of real estate agents who steered, redlined, or blockbusted.

Front 22

Robert Williams

Back 22

Ex-marine who had been exhilarated by Brown decision, he turned his local NAACP chapter into an armed paramilitary group and vowed to meet lynching with lynching

Front 23

JFK

Back 23

followed up on his commitment to the Birmingham settlement with support for a new civil rights bill

reiterate his support for black civil and voting rights and for desegregation. In a stirring speech, he proclaimed that the nation would not be free until all citizens were free.

proclaimed that racism was “not a sectional issue”; rather, “the fires of frustration and discord are burning in every city, North and South.”

Front 24

Greensboro Four

Back 24

four black men who challenged segregation ordinances by sitting down at a lunch counter and requesting service

Front 25

Nation of Islam

Back 25

a black Muslim group advocating black political and economic control of their own communities;

Front 26

Malcolm X

Back 26

he was black nationalism; human rights problem; economic uplift, puritan values, and race pride; segregationist believe blacks should support themselves; love your black self; Organization of Afro-American Unity to address black economic issues

Front 27

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 27

most important . Prohibited discrimination in places of public accommodation, outlaws bias in federally funded programs, authorized the US Justice Department to initiate desegregation lawsuits, and provided technical and financial aid to communities desegregating their schools.

Title VII: ban discrimination in employment

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission(EEOC) to investigate and litigate cases of job discrimination

Front 28

Effects of Civil Rights ACt

Back 28

It was a little too late. It didn't address issued black were concerned with. nothing to protect black voting rights or equal housing opportunities

Front 29

LBJ

Back 29

Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 after a 534 hour filibuster

Front 30

Black Arts Movement

Back 30

artist used their art to project the beauty and power of black culture

Front 31

Angela Davis

Back 31

spoke out against woman being pushed into the background during the revolution

Front 32

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Back 32

MDFP aided by SNCC and COFO had establish the independent, nondiscriminatory political party to represent black Mississippians especially at the Democratic National convention

Front 33

Mississippi Freedom Summer

Back 33

a massive education and voter registration campaign; founded freedom schools;

Front 34

"Bloody Sunday"

Back 34

led by SNCC John Lewis; marchers were met at Edmund Pettus Bridge by local police and state troopers armed with billy clubs and tear gas and attacked them when they prayed.

Front 35

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Back 35

prohibited states from imposing literacy requirements and poll taxes and sent federal election examiners south to protect blacks' rights to register and vote

Front 36

Deacons for Defense and Justice

Back 36

new group of militants; an armed group that organized in Mississippi and Louisiana to protect black people against increase Ku Klux Klan activities.

Front 37

SNCC

Back 37

1967 this group denied white people from their group because Stokely Carmichael became the leader

Front 38

Black Panther Party for Self Defense

Back 38

Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in order to resist police brutality and harassment; carried unconcealed weapons and adopted the policy of following and monitoring the police

black leather jackets and black berets

10 point program: self determination, decent housing and education, an end to police brutality, and exemption from military service

Front 39

Muhammad Ali

Back 39

heavyweight boxer champion who resisted the draft on moral grounds. was stripped of title at height of his career.

Front 40

Moynihan Report

Back 40

a report that faulted the black family; published by assistant secretary of labor Daniel Patrick Moynihan; the family was a tangle pathology that poorly prepared blacks, especially black men for useful citizenship

Front 41

Poor people's campaign

Back 41

aim to bring 1500 protesters to Washington DC in 1968 to lobby Congress and other governments agencies for an economic bill of rights; requested a $30 billion anti poverty package that included a commitment to full employment, a guaranteed annual income measure, and increased construction of low-income housing.

Front 42

White flight

Back 42

when white people left the city and urban areas to go to the suburbs which only added to the isolating concentration of black poverty

Front 43

Affirmative Action

Back 43

A set of ideas and programs aimed at compensating African for past discrimination by giving them preferential treatment in hiring and school admissions.(681)

Front 44

Bakke

Back 44

In the Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the court ruled that the university's medical school at Davis had discriminated against Allan Bakke, a white male, when it took race into consideration during its admission process.(728)

Front 45

Black Americans in prison

Back 45

African Americans was only 11.4% of the US population but african american males accounted for almost 31% of all prison

By 1990, more than black males between the ages of 18- 22 were in jail than in collegeCrack trade gave law enforcement a new reason to investigate and incarcerate black americans

Front 46

welfare

Back 46

Black women had to rely on Aid to Families with Dependent Children, known as welfare.

Were forced to endure various indignities such as “midnight raids”, in which caseworkers would barge into clients’ homes in the middle of the night searching for evidence of a male presence and asked them humiliating questions; also forced for the chemical or surgical sterilization

National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO) which fought for the rights of these women. Fought against forced work programs, supported job training for skilled work but also pressed for guaranteed annual income based on need

Front 47

feminism

Back 47

Black feminists tackled negative images of black women in pop culture, domestic violence, women’s health care and reproductive rights, day care, welfare, the exploitation of women workers worldwide and prisoner’s rights.

Wanted white feminist to bring racism and classism into women’s issuesFought for their black children rights

Front 48

busing

Back 48

Reagan encouraged school boards to resist court ordered busing, which transported both black and white children to schools in different neighborhoods in order to promote integration

After Republicans withdrew support, blacks reconsidered its effectiveness and decided to asked for more funding. Per capita spending on black and white students be equal.

Front 49

Black elected officials

Back 49

The largest annual increase in the percentage of black elected officials between 1969 and 2000 occurred in 1971, indicating that the impact of the black freedom movement on black electoral participation and representation was immediate (736)

Front 50

Fair Housing Act

Back 50

A 1968 law prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin in the sale or rental of housing, and making practices of blockbusting, steering, and redlining (see ch12) illegal.

Subsequent amendments prohibited discrimination based on sex, familial status, and disability. (737)

Front 51

class/ "unclass"

Back 51

A term to describes the impoverished

It reference a whole set of conditions, ranging from the factual condition of poverty such as unemployment and low income, to culture of poverty that these condition gave rise to.

Referred to African Americans who were trapped in declining cities, unable to find employment in the new post -industrial economy that demanded skills they did not possess and could not obtain.

Front 52

rap music

Back 52

Type of music developed in the early to mid-1970s young DJs used rap lyrics to critique poverty, police surveillance, drug addiction, black-on-black crime, and unemployment. (742)

With older blacks and white americans it became a symbol of all that was wrong with the underclass

Front 53

Rodney King

Back 53

His arrest by white LAPD officers was caught on tapeIt showed King lying on the ground while the police beat him with batons

Case was moved to an all white jury and they came back not guilty LA, Atlanta,, Birmingham, Chicago, and Settle erupted in riots

Front 54

Clarence Thomas

Back 54

He replaced Thurgood Marshall on the Supreme Court as the only black person, but while Marshall was super liberal Thomas is super conservative.

African American law professor Anita Hill testified before the Senate that Thomas had sexually harassed her when she worked for him at EEOC

FUN FACT: on 2/29/16 he broke his 10 year silence by asking a question in court just days after Justice Scalia’s death (2/13/16).

Front 55

War on Drugs

Back 55

In 1982, Reagan declared a war on drugs in which he centralized drug policy in the executive branch, cut addiction programs, and required stiff penalties for possession of all illegal drugs. (727)

Rockefeller drug laws in NY called for 15 years for possession of 4 ounces of narcotic (same sentence for a second-degree murder)

Blacks were incarcerated at higher rates than any other group

Front 56

Congressional Black Caucus

Back 56

Founded by Shirley Chisholm and twelve black congressmen it helped get black candidate elected (736)

It supported black candidates in local races; lobbied for reforms in job training, health care, and social service programs; and attempted to fashion a national strategy to increase black political power

Front 57

Shirley Chisholm

Back 57

first black woman in Congress, first African American to run for president within a major party, first woman to make bid for Democratic presidential nomination

establish SEEK

Men were afraid of her mouth, independence, refused to beholden to any political machine