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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Brazil
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South America's largest and highest populated countries, influenced by Portuguese culture(not Spanish). 2 largest cities are Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro.
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Brazil's highlands
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cover more than half of country. largest and begin south of basin. cover central brazil. savanna climate w/ hot and dry seasons.
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Brazil's Landforms/climate
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lowland river valleys, highland areas, coastal plains. The amazon, amazon basin, The great escarpment. south is dry, moderate temps.
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The Amazon
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Thick tropical forests, covers northern half of South America. Amazon river flowing through.-world's second longest river (14000m_ form Andes to Atlantic ocean.
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Amazon Basin
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thick tropical rainforests (selva) mahogany, teak, forest wood mineral. (clear cut)
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Clear cutting & selective cutting
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Remove all trees from a certain area. remoe only certain types/sizes of trees.
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Brazil's most important economic activites
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agriculture(important for centuries, rapid industrial growth made brazil leading manufacturer in SA) sugar cane, cotton cacao, and sial. manufacturing, service industries.
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Venezula's most important resource
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Petroleum-leader in oil production(fossil fuels) . wealthy
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Hugo Chavez
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President of Venezula. in power since 1998. became a dictator. runs Alo Presidente.
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Egypt's most important river
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Nile. supplies 85% of country's fresh water. begins in east africa. flows north through sudan and egypt to mediterranean sea. 4180 miles long. spreads out to farmland. longest river in the world
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Sinai peninsula
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lie SE of nile delta. not in africa. part of asia. suez canal separtes sinai from egypt.
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Aswan High Dam
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1968-was completed. holds back nile flood water. until 1960 Egyptian farmers could only plant crops once a year. after nile finished flooding in summer. this allows farmer to plant crops 2-3 times a year. stops alot of silt flow which fertilized egypt's fields. restricts flow of water into river valley and Medit. Sea. provides hydroelectric power.
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Egypt's population distribution
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most Egyptians live within 20 m of Nile. 99% live on 3.5 % of land. nile river densely populated. 43% rural. Cairo is capital and 11 million people. largest city in Egypt and Africa.
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Ancient Egypt
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one of ancient worls most advanced viilizations. used hieroglyps for writeing. one of 1st to make paper out of papyrus plant. calendar to deep track of seasons.
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Suez Canal
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human made water way. separates sinai peninsula from rest of egypt. egyptians and euros built in mid 1860s to allow ships to pass between the red and Medit. Seas. enable U.K. to trade with asia.
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Gem Diamonds
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south africa is the leading producer with sierra leone, botswana and liberia. gem diamond's value is determined by 4cs
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4 Cs
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Cut-more facets=more sparkle
Color-most are clear, color can add value Clarity-greater clarity=greater value Carat-measurement of a diamonds weight (size) |
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Cullinan
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Largest gem-quality diamond ever found. found in south africa. broken into 9 smaller stones. given to the british royal family, the largest stone became the star of africa. part of the royal sceptor.
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Hope Diamond
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Owned/displayed by the Smithsonian Museum(D.C.) most famous u.s. diamond. found in India. deep blue color.
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Conflict Diamond
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Diamonds that are mined illegally and sold on the black market. all are found in africa. money from the sale of CDs is used to buy weapons. make ethnic conflicts worse.e
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Coastal Nigeria
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has many rivers and creeks. covered with mangrove swamps. (important breeding area for fish)
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North Nigeria
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small population, is expanding into northern nigeria, small villages/farms, grassland on the edge of Sahara.
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Central Nigeria
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woodlands and savanna in central Nigeria, highlands(most farming takes place), plateau, rain forests, forests, grassland.
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Niger river
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main water resource
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Nigeria Industry
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leading producer of fossil fuels. 1930s economy was bad, oil prices fell, neglected agriculture. farmers left farms for city jobs, food production fell, so they started importing food.
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Oil in Nigeria
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used today to improve farming and raise food products. only a small % of population benefits from FF. Destroying the Niger river Delta. 1/2 of Nigeria's land is farmable
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Nigeria's Agriculture
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major crops are peanuts, cotton, rubber and cacao(beans make chocolate). most Nigerians are farmers, grow subsistence crops and some grow cash crops
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Nigerian Trading Forts
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collection points for slaves on the coast to go to west Indies. some stayed there to become slaves other sent to North and South America. sailed on the boats(called Middle Passage
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Congo rainforest
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cover about 1/3 of country. 1 of the largest rain forest areas in the world. treetops form canopy.seldom light reaches floor. almost clear of plants.many animals spend their time in a canopy. 750 different kinds of trees are harvested. being destroyed fast.
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DRC's Exotic Animals
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antelopes, leopards, lions, rhinoceroses, zebras, giraffes. roam freely on gov't preserves. okapi, similar to girrafe, found only in DRC country's national symbol. mountain gorillas are really rare and threatened by poachers
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Congo River
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2,800 m. long. through central africa to atlantic ocean. smaller river brach out. one of world's longest rivers. highway for trade and travel. produce 13% of worlds hydroelectricity. carries more water than any river in the world. 10 mill g/sec.
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Diamonds
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Mining major economic activities. used in prescision tools that cut or grind things. leading producer of industrial diamonds.
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King Leopold II
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took over large part of central africa. considered entire region his own rubber plantation. treated people badly.
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DRC's different names
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Belgian Congo, Congo, Zaire, DRC. -- showed that DRCs govt is unstable
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DRCs unused resources
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exotic animals could be used to attract tourism. not happening b/c the DRC is unsafe. Congo River could be used for hydroelectric power 13%. not happening b/c the DRC is unorganized
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Plains of Kenya
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cover 3/4 of Kenya. bushes, shrubs and low thorn trees thrive there. few people make their home their besides nomads who herd cattle. many animals roam.
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Fault
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crack in the rocks of the earth's crust along which movement occurs. created by plate techtonics
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Escarpment
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steep cliff separating two fairly flat land surfaces, one higher than the other. created by plate techtonics
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Great Rift Valley
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where some of the worlds oldest human remains have been found.
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Kenya's cash crops
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half of Kenya's farm products(other half commercial crops. cultivated for export. leading cash crops(coffee and tea. main source of income. they grow on the sloped of the highlands
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Tourism in Kenya
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thousand visit each year to take safaris. visitors tour through national parks to see country's wildlife and natural surroundings. govt set up parks to keep endangered animals from poachers
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Enclaves
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small countries surrounded or nearly surrounded a larger country. Lesotho and swaziland
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European Interaction with Kenya
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late 1800s under British control. brits moved to Kenyan highland because of mild climate & fertile soil. took land away from Africa and made farm on land. 1963 independence. struggles w/ ethnic conflict.
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European Interaction with South Africa
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Dutch were 1st 2 settle in SA in 1500s. German and French came after. Made own language - afrikaan. british settled in early 1800s by end of century diamonds and gold brought bitish to SA. 199 Boer war b/tw brits and farikaaners. afer 3 years brits won. ruled from 1902-1931. 1931 1991 ruled by afrikaaners. 1991-present SA is democracy
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European Interaction w/ Nigeria
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1400s Europeans came for gold and slave labor. set up "trading forts" 1900 u.k. controlled area. 1960-Nigeria independence. controlled by foreign oil companies.
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Apartheid
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led by Afrikaaners. means apartness. a policy of racial segregation. 1948 law forced blacks to live in separate areas, diff. schools, and couldn't vote. 1991 ended. 1994-first black president (Nelson Mandela) everyone could vote
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South Africa's Urban areas
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workers in modern industries live in urban areas. many are poor and rely on subsistence farming.
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South Africa's mining
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mine 1/2 of minerals. richest country in minerals. produces 1/3 of all gold mined in world each year.
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South African goods
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worlds largest deposit of diamonds. export metal products, chemicals, clothing and proccesed foods.
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South African Geographically
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land too hilly too dry to farm. available land farmers use is enough food for countries needs. cultivated crops are corn, fruit, potatoes, and wheat. herding sheep and livestock are major economic activity on plateau
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