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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biochemical Evidence of Depression
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Reserpine - causes depression following bioamine depletion
Reserpine + Iproniazid (MAO) = hyperactivity |
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HPA and Depression
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glucocorticoid levels abnormal in some patients
Possible antidepressant action : CRF antagonists - reduce ACTH release |
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Genetics and Depression risk
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closer relations have higher correlated risk
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Imipramine
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Tricyclic antidepressant
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Properties of Tricyclic Antidepressants
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inhibit reuptake of biogenic amines
affinity for NE and 5HT vary. reuptake inhibition of DA usually low (except for Bupropion) |
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Effects of secondary amines (desipramine)
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higher potency for NE neurons
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Effects of tertiary amines (amitriptyline)
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higher potency for 5-HT neurons
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Tricyclic side effects
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Antimuscarinic effects (dec parasymp activity) - dry mouth, constipation, dry eyes
alpha1 blockade - postural hypotension push toward mania in bipolars |
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Properties of SSRIs
(2 Examples) |
Fluoxetine, Sertaline
IC50 for NE is much higher than for 5-HT Neurogenesis in hippocampus Reduced side effects |
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Properties of MAO Inhibitors
(2 examples) |
Tranylcypromine, Phenelzine
(last choice) - tyramine buildup causes dangerous hypertension |
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Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
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used w/ nicotinic muscle relaxant such as succinylcholine
mechanism unknown |
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
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High freq. magnetic pulse
treated daily for 4 weeks |
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Animal Models of Depression: Paradigm and Drug Effects
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Forced Swimming and inescapable shock:
(Learned Helplessness) Drug restores escape behavior |
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Mania: Biochemical Evidence
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AMPT, but not fusaric acid decreases mania (DA but not NE plays a role)
L-DOPA causes hypomania Neuroleptics reduce mania (DA blockade) Physostigmine decreases mania (Ach increase) May be due to DA overactivity relative to Ach |
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Lithium Mechanism
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inhibits inisitol phosphate metabolism
Dampens PIP2 2nd messenger system |
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Typical Bipolar Treatments
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Lithium (long term - prophylactic)
Neuroleptics - acute treatment |
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Experimental Bipolar Treatments
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Carbamazepine and Valproate - anticonvulsants, 'membrane stablilizers'
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