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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define philosophy.
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An attempt to understand one’s place in the universe.
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What are the 5 characteristics of philosophy?
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Open-mindedness, skepticism, universality, basis in justifying reasons, systematic approach
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“No drastic distinction between man and nature” pertains to what?
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African philosophy
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What is the deepest expression of African cultures and reality?
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Art, music, etc.
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What type of philosophy treats African philosophy as consisting in a set of shared beliefs, values, categories and assumptions that are implicit in the language, practices, and beliefs of African cultures?
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Ethno philosophical
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A __________ believes that philosophy should not be altered by geographic location.
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Universalist
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What type of philosophy believes philosophy is a universal principle?
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Universalist
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What type of philosophy is based of the lived experience and African traditions?
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Hermeneutical
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What type of philosophy has the principle objective of how to achieve liberation from the injuries imposed by European hegemony?
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Hermeneutical
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Negritude is a variation of what type of philosophy?
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Ethno philosophy
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What type of philosophy believes that the African experience is based on emotion, not reason?
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Negritude
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Senghor created what type of philosophy?
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Negritude
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_________ relates to the white man’s stereotypical and mythological idea of who Indians are and how Indians are trying to break away from the stereotypes.
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Plight of Indians
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What is the Indian-Grandmother complex?
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Female indian ancestor is good, male is bad.
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_____________ pronounced the ideological basis for taking Indian land.
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Christian churches
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Who was the head of the English church who was commissioned to discover, then unknown, countries?
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John Cabot
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What was America’s first Indian treaty?
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Delaware Treaty of 1778
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The _____________________ promised peace between parties and land for Indians.
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Delaware Treaty of 1778
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Why was the Delaware treaty of 1778 broken?
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Indians were coined as "incompetent"
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What does the Tax Force Report do?
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Explains Indian problems
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Every conclusion of the ________________ was that congress is not appropriating enough money to do an adequate job of helping Indians.
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Task Force Report
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Who was said to be stifling Indian progress?
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Congress
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Which act was John Collier involved in?
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1934 Indian Reorganization Act
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What was the goal of the 1934 Indian reorganization act?
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Self-government for reservation people
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What did the Indians form to try to organize tribes to deal in a more unified way with the US government?
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National Congress of American Indians
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What were the three reasons the National Congress of American Indians was formed?
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Organize tribes to deal in a more unified way with the US government, respond to government's failure to implement treaties, improve public opinion of Indian cultures
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What was the purpose of the alliance treaties?
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Prevent other countries from becoming allies with the Indians to defeat the US government
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What treaty established peace and friendship between the US and the six nations and affirmed Haudenosaunee land rights in New York?
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Pickering Treaty of 1794
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The Discovery Doctrine/dependency concept ________________ the stealing of Indian lands.
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justified
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What did the dependency concept imply about Indians as a group?
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"lazy, dirty Indians, loafing the day away at the agency"
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The _______________ pushed forth the idea of “colonies” or “reservations.”
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Allotment Act of 1887
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William Medill (the commissioner of Indian affairs) was involved in what act?
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Allotment Act of 1887
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What was the policy of termination?
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The belief that Native Americans would be better off if assimilated as individuals in mainstream society.
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Who was the head of Indian affairs and analyzed how the Indians spent money?
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William Zimmerman
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What were the three groups William Zimmerman classified Indians into?
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Immediate termination from federal services, self-sufficiency within 10 years, indefinite federal services.
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What did Deloria believe was the role of anthropologists?
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Make observations, not recommendations. (they are worthless)
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Deloria criticized ___________ for being the original land robbers.
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missionaries
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The Bureau of Indian Affairs believed that the tribe should do what?
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what they believe is right, not what the US government says is right
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Give an example of Indian humor.
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Columbus began with 4 ships but one went over the edge so he ended up with 3.
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Why was Deloria critical of the civil rights movement?
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Because it favored blacks
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Black culture was based on ______________, while Indian culture is based on ____________.
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finding itself; finding economic strength
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What were 3 problems with Indian leadership?
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misuse of federal funds, lack of leadership skills, underestimating or failing to address the severity of the problem
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Deloria believed that the one way Indians can help themselves is through _____________ .
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tribalism
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Was Deloria’s view on tribalism shared by most Americans?
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no
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Why did Deloria suggest that urban Indians must lead the combined goals of reservation and urban people?
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Because they are much more aware of opportunities for specific development
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Who led the first white peril on Africa?
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Portuguese and Spanish
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What was Columbus originally looking for and what did they end up taking over?
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Spice Islands; Philippines
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The ___________ deals with all major powers of Europe dividing up Africa?
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Berlin treaty
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What was the dual mandate?
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claim that Europe is in Africa to benefit both parites
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What did the king of Bukongo do during Europeanization? (3 things)
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learned to read and write portuguese, dressed better and more European, became Christian
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What were the 2 key issues of resistance with the Europeanization of the kingdom of Bukongo?
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taxes and land
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The _______________ may buy labor power of others but typically work alongside employees.
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petite bourgeoisie
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Why can’t the petit bourgeoisie reinvest in production?
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They do not generate enough surplus
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The ___________ empire was made of military and civil chiefs that controlled various departments.
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Songhay
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What city was known for its wealth?
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Timbuktu
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Timbuktu was absorbed by the _____________ empire in 1458.
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Songhay
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Who was the ruler of Songhay who had a full time professional army and new imperial administrative bureaucracy instead of traditional kinds and chiefs ruling?
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Asia Muhammed Ture
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The liberal democracy is also known as what?
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Bourgeois democracy
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What were the two main points of liberal democracy?
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elections should be free and fair, political processes should be competitive
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Who wanted democracy for Africa that the West would approve of?
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H.O. Davis
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Who was happy with traditional African self-government?
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Casley-Hayford
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Nyere, the first president of Tanzania needed to fix what? (4 things)
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economic dependency, low productivity, neglect of rural people, elite Africans allienating themselves from the natives
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What was the Ojamaa?
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Nyere's vision of socialism
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The ____________ declaration promoted cultural nationalism, one-party democracy, transforming the petite bourgeoisie, new education system, economic diversity, and Swahili as the national language.
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Arusha
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What were the 3 successful goals of Kwame Nkrumah? (he was the first president of Ghana, Pan-Africanism)
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learn to govern, unify the nations of Ghana from the 4 territories of the Gold Coast, win complete independence from UK
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Why was Kwame Nkrumah overthrown by the military coup?
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He started putting on more regulations
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What does OBE stand for?
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Obedient boys of the empire
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What does MBE stand for?
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Mute boys of the empire
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Animation Rurale (Senghor) favored the maintenance of what?
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close ties with France and the Western World.
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The original impact of treaties between US/Indians was_____?
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To guarantee peace
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The phenomenon of ______ is universal except among Jewish communities, which have a long lineage of their own
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Indian Grandmother
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_______ believes philosophy is not culture dependent
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Universalist
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Critics of ethnophilosophy say that ___________
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a focus on the past as a source of authenticity detracts from the rest of the practices that helped liberate Africa.
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_________ uses a method of interpretation based on changes in the world around us + an understanding that our preconceptions can effect our interpretations.
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Hermeneutical
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The African experienced is based on ________ and found at center of African Culture.
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emotion
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What was the Indians “plight” termed in regard to?
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transparency
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_______ believes African thought should be made alongside other world thoughts.
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Universalist
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The U.S. did not acquire Indian land by purchase or conquest, but rather by _______
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trusteeship
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_________ has been used to record the beliefs found in African cultures.
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ethno philosophy
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Indian life, as it relates to the real world, is a continuous attempt not to ________
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Disappoint people who know them
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_______ believes that philosophy is unique to a geographical location.
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Ethnophilosophy
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One of the major expressions of philosophy is ________
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Negritude
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What did the doctrine of the Western World/ endorsed as the will of God by churches say regarding the taking of African land?
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European nation that discovered said land had a right to that land had a right to that land, regardless of who was already living there.
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Who said Africans approach reality based on emotion, Participation and manifestation in the Arts?
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Leopold Senghor
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What doctrine was used to justify the stealing of Indian lands?
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Dependency Doctrine
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The most important aspect of an Indian nation based on kinship and family ties.
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Tribal Solidarity
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First independent Native student organization. Used direct action as a means to pursue goals.
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Nation Indian Youth Cou
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Under the ______ act, the Indians were to be moved west, giving the east to the Europeans.
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Allotment Act 1887
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Though eventually broken by the U.S., this act gave the Indians 10 years to reach the same economy/ social standards as whites. In return, Indians would be given land.
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1934 Indian Reorganization Act
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(T/F) All reservations followed the provisions set by the Indian Reorganization Act and Reorganized?
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(F) only ¾ did
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Who wrote up the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act?
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John Collier
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What policy told Indians they were no longer exempt from State/ Federal taxes/ laws?
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Policy of Termination
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Anthropologists do nothing but reinforce what?
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reinforce the anti-Indian schools of thought
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(T/F) Due to the 2nd European invasion of Africa, Africans had to proclaim European superiority on the battlefield/ in every aspect of life?
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True
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The goal of _________ was to create, strengthen, fully liberate Africa into sovereignty
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Liberal Democracy
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First president of Tanzania? (was socialist)
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Nyere
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This outlined Nyere’s vision of socialism used to develop Tanzania’s economy.
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Arusha Declaration
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Feats of the _______ were proclaimed to be the work of the devil.
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Indian Medicine Man
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The major function of the tribe is _________.
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Make sure one’s life = as beneficial as possible
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Guns, White Supremacy, Greed and Christianity were all motivations to do what?
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Descend on Africa
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First president of Ghana had 3 goals (learn to govern, unify Ghana, win independence from U.K.) was overthrown by military
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Kwame Nkrumah
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Young men were recruited from villages, trained with political skills, sent back to village to teach were called “hot –headed” under this 4 year development plan.
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Animation Rural
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What are the differences between Indians/Blacks? (Reds/Blacks)
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1. Blacks don’t have as much of a united post
2. Black culture = finding itself 3. Indian culture- finding economic strength |
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_________ had a new government made of military/civil chiefs that controlled various departments.
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Songhay Empire
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What city was known for its doctors, priests, scholars, and was absorbed by Songhay Empire?
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Timbuktu
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5 Characteristics of African Philosophy
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1. Based on participation/integration
2. No drastic distinction between man and nature 3. World = centered upon self, man lives in personal world of Culture 4. Not based on European logical analysis 5. Life forces permeate universe, matter/spirit = Inseparable |
