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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Physical activity |
any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that result in a substantial increase over resting energy expenditure |
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Physical fitness
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ability to perform physical work using LG mm groups, challenges <3vascular sys
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Maximum Oxygen Consumption (VO2 max)
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Maximum amount of oxygen consumed per min with max effort (relative to body weight)....measure of the body's capacity to use oxygen
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Endurance |
Ability to work for prolonged periods of time and the ability to resist fatigue |
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Muscular endurance
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ability of an isolated muscle group to perform repeated contractions over a period of time (indiv)
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Cardiovascular endurance
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ability to perform LG muscle dynamic exercise for long periods of time (systemic)
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Aerobic exercise training (conditioning)
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Improving the ability to use energy through exercise program. Depends on freq, intensity, time. Should have ^ mmular and <3vascular endurance. Energy expenditure should go down.
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Specificity principle |
the individual improves in the exercise task used for training and may not improve in other tasks |
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Adaptation
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Changes in the body due to training stimulus; body adapts to performance it is used to doing
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What does adaptation result in? |
Increased efficiency of the cardiovascular system and active muscles |
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Stimulus threshold
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a variable based on higher level of fitness the greater the intensity of exercise needed to elicit change
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Myocardial oxygen consumption
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measure of O2 consumed by the myocardial muscle; depends on demand; supplied by coronary BF
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How much o2 does the heart extract during rest? |
70-75% of oxygen |
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Myocardial ischemia & Exertional angina
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Myocardial ischemia = not enough O2 for demand. Exertional angina is chest pain with exertion bc of decreased O2 to <3.
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Deconditioning |
the result of prolonged bed rest due to illness, chronic condition, sedentary lifestyle, age, etc |
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What are some deconditioning effects associated with bed rest? |
1. decreased muscle mass 2. decreased strength 3. decreased cardiovascular function 4. decreased total blood volume 5. decreased plasma volume 6. decreased orthostatic tolerance 7. decreased exercise tolerance 8. decreased bone mineral density 9. decreased heart volume |
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ATP-PC system
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No O2 needed Phosphocreatine/ATP already stored as fuel in mm cells
Short/quick bursts of activity (first 30 seconds -replenishes at rest) |
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Anaerobic glycolytic system
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No O2 required
Glycogen is fuel source and makes lactic acid Moderate intensity/short duration (30-90 sec) |
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Aerobic System
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O2 is required
Glycogen, fats, proteins used as fuel Predominates after 2mins of exercise; long duration |
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Recruitment of motor units is dependent on what? |
the rate of work |
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Slow-twitch fibers (type l)
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Slow contractile response
Recruited for endurance Low intensity exercise Burns fat efficiently |
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Fast-twitch fibers (type IIB)
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Fast contractile response
Recruited for power and strengthening Lean mass |
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Intermediate fibers (type IIA)
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Recruited for aerobic/anaerobic activity
Characteristics of both Type 1 and Type IIB Variable depending on training |
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If an athlete runs a 100M dash, what energy system is he using? |
ATP-PC system |
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If an athletes runs 1.5miles in 1.5 minutes, what energy system is he using? |
Anaerobic glycolytic system |
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If an athlete runs a marathon, what energy system is he using? |
Aerobic system |
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How is energy expended computed? |
From the amount of O2 consumed |
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MET |
Metabolic equivalent |
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MET definition
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the oxygen consumed per kilogram of body weight per min (about 3.5mL/kg per min)
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To be considered "light work," the number of METs equals
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1.6-3.9 METS, ranges walking, ADLs, etc.
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To be considered "heavy work," the number of METs equals
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6.0-7.9 METs; ranges running, anything that requires effort
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Rate of Perceived Exertion is also called? |
The Borg scale |
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What is the purpose of the Rate of Perceived Exertion?
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It reflects physical exertion and mental perception; 6=rest 20=max exertion; gives insight on progression
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When is using the Rate of Perceived Exertion beneficial?
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HR is difficult to measure
Meds alter norm HR Condition alters norm HR *Watch for warning signs* |
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What is stress testing? |
Testing done to monitor heart function |
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What is the purpose of stress testing?
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1. Diagnosis of heart disease
2. Selects treatment for heart disease 2. Clears patient for strenuous work |
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What equipment is a stress test performed on? |
Treadmill or stationary bicycle |
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When does the test end?
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Onset of symptoms or an abnormal ECG
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How is the test performed?
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1. pt begins on low initial workload
2. Increase workload (speed, grade, resistance) and maintain 1min/longer |
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What is the optimal frequency for endurance training? |
3-4 times per week |
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How do you determine the intensity for an endurance program?
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Calculate % of max HR based on individual
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Overload |
any stress greater than daily activities |
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How do you determine maximum heart rate?
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220-age (less accurate)
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How do you determine exercise heart rate? |
Exercise heart rate=HR(rest)+ 60-70%(HR max-HR rest) |
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The Karvonen Formula is also called? |
The heart rate reserve |
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What is the amount of duration of endurance exercising?
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20-30 min @ 60-70% HR max/45 min of overload for healthy pts
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What are the three components of an exercise program? |
1. warm up 2. aerobic exercise period 3. cool down |
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What are the four methods of training during the aerobic exercise period? |
1. continuous 2. interval 3. Circuit 4. Circuit-interval training |
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Continuous Training
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Sustain sub-max intensity; mm energy through aerobic on slow twitch fibers
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Interval Training |
Work or exercise is followed by a prescribed rest period |
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Circuit training |
Series of activities that are repeated |
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Circuit interval training
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Combine circuit and interval training, delayed lactic acid production
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Phase I: Inpatient |
MI, CABG 3-5 days post Pt edu, orthostatic challenge, min conditioning |
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Phase II: Outpatient |
6-8/wks Telemetry monitored, progress <3vascular function (to get pt back to full function) |
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Phase III: Outpatient Program |
Supervised exercise, self-monitored (HEP) Improved fitness level |
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Deconditioned/chronic illness
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Reverse deconditioning: 1)adaptions for participation restrictions (disabilities) 2)activity restrictions (functional limitations-postop/injury)
Co-morbidities/impairments pt goals, and POC |
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Deconditioned/chronic illness program |
1. Determine max exercise HR and DON'T exceed 2. Progress with adaption 3. Pt edu on activity guidelines, exercise (what they can and can't do) |
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Age Differences |
HR Stroke vol Cardiac output Arteriovenous O2 difference Max O2 uptake BP Respiration MM mass and strength Anaerobic ability |
