Aero I Ch. 2

Front 1

Define, compare, and contrast an aircraft and an airplane

Back 1

Aircraft: any device used or intended to be used for flight in the air.
Airplane: A heavier than air fixed wing aircraft that is driven by an engine driven propeller or a gas turbine jet and is supported by the dynamic reaction of airflow over its wings.

Front 2

List and describe the 3 major control surfaces of an airplane

Back 2

1) Ailerons: On wings, controls roll about longitudinal axis (lateral control)
2) Elevators: Pitch about the lateral axis (longitudinal control) On horizontal stabilizers
3) Rudders: Yaw about the vertical axis ( directional control) On Vertical stabilizer
2) Elevators: On horizontal stabilizers, controls pitch about

Front 3

List and define the five major components of an airplane

Back 3

1) Fuselage: the basic structure of the airplane to which all other components are attached. (hold passengers, cargo, etc.)
2) Wing: an airfoil attached to the fuselage and is designed to produce lift. (Ailerons, Spoilers, Flaps)
3) Empennage: the assembly of stabilizing and control surfaces on the tail of the airplane. (rudder=vertical stabilizer, elevators=horizontal stabilizer, and the aft part of the fuselage)
4) Landing Gear: Permits ground taxi operation and absorbs the shock encountered during takeoff and landing.
Engine: provides the thrust necessary for powered flight. (T-34C has a PT6A-25 Turboprop engine)

Front 4

List and define the components of the airplane reference system

Back 4

3 perpendicular lines intersecting at a single point (center of gravity):
-Lateral Axis: pitch, Longitudinal control
-Longitudinal Axis: roll, lateral control
-Vertical Axis: yaw, directional control

Front 5

Describe the orientation between the components of the airplane reference
system

Back 5

-Longitudinal: nose to tail
-Lateral: Wingtip to wingtip
-Vertical: passes vertically through the center of gravity.

Front 6

List and define the motions that occur around the airplane center of gravity.

Back 6

Pitch: Around the Lateral Axis
Roll: Around the Longitudincal Axis
Yaw: Around the vertical axis

Front 7

Define wingspan, chordline, chord, tip chord, root chord, average chord

Back 7

Wingspan: the length of a wing, measured from wingtip to wingtip.
Chordline: an infinetly long, straight line which passes through its leading and trailing edges of an airfoil.
Chord: a measure of the width of an airfoil.
Tip Chord: the chord measured at the wingtip.
Root Chord: the chord at the wing centerline.
Average Chord: the average of every chord from wing root to wing tip.

Front 8

Define wing area, taper, taper ratio, sweep angle, aspect ratio, wing loading, angle of incidence, and dihedral angle.

Back 8

Wing Area (S): the apparent surface area of a wing from wingtip to wingtip.
Taper: the reduction in the chord of an airfoil from root to tip.
Taper Ratio: ratio of the tip chord to the root chord
Sweep Angle: the angle between the lateral axis and a line drawn 25% aft of the leading edge.
Aspect Ratio: the ratio of the wingspan to the average chord
Wing Loading: the ratio of an airplane's weight to the surface area of its wings
Angle of Incidence: the angle between the airplane's longitudinal axis and the chordline
Dihedral Angle: the angle between the spanwise inclination of the wing and the lateral axis.

Front 9

Describe and state the advantages of semi-monocoque fuselage construction.

Back 9

Semi-monocoque: a modified
version of monocoque having skin, transverse frame members, and stringers, which all share
in stress loads and may be readily repaired if damaged.

Front 10

Describe full cantilever wing construction.

Back 10

If all bracing is internal, the wings are considered to
be full cantilever.