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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AE107 - Spins
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Okay
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What are the Two Requirements to enter a Spin?
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Stall + Yaw
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Can an aircraft that is not stalled be in a Spin?
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No
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What is the definition of Spin Axis?
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Aerodynamic point around which stall & yaw forces act to sustain spin rotation.
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What is the name for aerodynamic forces during a stall that result in movement around the pitch, roll & yaw axis?
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Poststall Gyration
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The Higher the energy (airspeed) at stall entry, the ______ the poststall gyration tendency.
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Greater
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The Lower the energy (airspeed) at stall entry, the _____ the poststall gyration tendency.
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Lower
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What can poststall gyration result in?
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An introduction of yaw & spin entry.
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What are the three sources of Yaw from Pilot Inputs?
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Intentional Planned entries; Unintentional misapplication of controls & out of Trim Condition
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What is the key factor affecting the intensity of poststall gyrations?
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The Airspeed at the time of stall.
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What is the AOA.
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The angle between the chordline and the relative wind.
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In a spin, which wing has the higher AOA?
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The Down Going (inside) wing
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What is the cause of Auto-rotation in a spin?
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Unequal lift & drag forces acting on each wing.
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What Non-pilot inputs can be a source of Yaw?
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Wake Turbulence, Fuel/Aircraft balance
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What is Autorotation?
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Combination of roll & yaw that propagates itself and progressively gets worse due to asymmetrically stalled wings.
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What is the cause of Autorotation?
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Unequal lift & drag forces acting on each wing.
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In a stall, lift & drag of both wings is _________ unless yaw is introduced.
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Balanced
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When an aircraft is stalled, what does introduction of yaw create between the left & right wing?
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An AOA difference.
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When an Aircraft is stalled and there is an introduction of Yaw, what does this AOA difference b/t the wings do:
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Causes Lift & Drag to become unbalanced, Creates rolling and yaw tendency, Can cause spin entry and autorotation development.
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Rotation affects the _______ _____ sensed by each wing.
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relative wind
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In a spin, the _____ wing has a lower AOA than the inside wing.
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Outside wing.
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In a stall, lower AOA = more ____
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lift
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In a spin, the inside wing has ______ AOA.
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Higher
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Higher AOA in a stall = ____ lift.
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less
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What sustains aircraft rolling motion around the spin axis in a spin?
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Lift differential between inside & outside wings.
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In a spin, the outside wing has lower AOA & therefore ___ drag.
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Less drag
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In a spin, the inside wing has higher AOA & therefore ____ drag.
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More drag
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What are the two spin classifications?
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Erect & Inverted
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For either Spin, what characteristic is not a factor?
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Attitude at entry
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An Erect Spin is entered from _______ G stall, and an inverted Spin is entered from a ______ G stall & yaw.
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Positive, Negative
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Both spins are characterized by nose-_____.
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Down
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Thinking of the Conservation of Angular Momentum, a lower pitch rate in a spin results in:
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Higher Rotation Rate
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Thinking of Acceleration Factor, a Higher Rotation Rate results in ______ force opposing nose-down movement.
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Larger
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What can cause steeper pitch and increased rotation rate (3)?
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Intentional or unintentional control inputs, Aircraft Weight, & Spin Direction
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What is the Aileron Effect on Spin?
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Direction of Spin = More Roll & yaw, Opposite Direction dampens Roll & Yaw
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Where are the Aileron’s usually set to for Spin recovery?
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Neutral
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Does the Rudder have a little or a lot of effect on Spin Recovery?
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Lot, A dramatic effect
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What effect does the Rudder have on Spin?
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Vertical Drag Component creating nose down, and Horizontal drag component decreasing rotation rate.
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Both Rudder Effects on Spin are maximized with ___-____ rudder.
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Anti-Spin
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What does a Pro-Spin rudder do?
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Minimizes resistance to relative wind.
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What are the Primary effects of Pro-Spin Rudder?
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Nose will pitch up, Lesser vertical component of drag acting on the tail
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What are the secondary effects of Pro-Spin Rudder?
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Initial rotation rate slows due to change in Angular momentum, then Rotation Rate increases due to a decrease in horizontal drag component.
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What does Anti-Spin Rudder do?
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Increase Resistance to relative wind
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What is the Primary Effect of Anti-Spin Rudder?
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Nose will pitch down, Larger component of drag acting on the tail.
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Secondary effect of Anti-Spin Rudder?
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Initially increased rotation rate, then slower.
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How is a nose-down force minimized by the elevator?
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Full Up Elevator
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How is a Progressive Spin caused?
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By maintaining full up elevator while holding anti-spin rudder
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How is a Progressive Spin Characterized?
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By lowering the nose, and spin direction reversed.
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How is an Aggravated Spin caused?
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By maintaining pro-spin rudder and moving stick forward of neutral.
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How is an Aggravated Spin characterized?
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By immediate nose-down and increased roll rate
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The primary weight change factor in most aircraft, including T-6, is:
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Fuel Burn
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Effects of Lighter Aircraft on Spin:
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Faster Spin Entry, Increased Oscillations, Faster Recovery
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Effects of Heavier Aircraft on Spin:
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Slower Spin Entry, Less Oscillations, Slower Recovery
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Stall Speed varies ______ with pitch attitude.
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Inversely
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Lower Pitch setting = Larger Horizontal Component Thrust, Smaller Vertical Thrust Component Thrust, so ____ Stall Speed and more oscillatory entry.
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Higher
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Higher Pitch Setting = Smaller Horizontal Thrust Component, Larger Vertical Thrust Component, ______ Stall Speed and less Oscillatory Entry.
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Slower Stall Speed
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Flying at a given pitch attitude, stall speed varies ______ with power setting.
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Inversely
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Lower Power Setting = ______ Stall Speed = Faster Entry with more oscillations.
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Higher
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Higher Power Setting = ________ Stall Speed = Slower Entry with Fewer Oscillations.
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Slower
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A Right Spin stabilizes at ____ Pitch.
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Lower Pitch, stabilizes slower with more oscillation, and a rotation rate increased.
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A Left Spin stabilizes at _____ pitch.
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Higher Pitch, Stabilizes faster with less oscillations, and has a rotation rate decreased
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The T-6A’s propeller is a ________ rotating gyroscope.
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Clockwise
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How does Anti-spin rudder aid in recovery?
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Slows rotation and decreases AOA
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Anytime the aircraft is spinning with the stick other than _____ ____, the spin is accelerated.
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Full Aft
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Higher pitch attitude at stall results in ___ spin entry and ____ oscillations.
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Slower; Less
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Will a left or right spin stabilize at a lower pitch attitude?
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Right
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What causes the variance in left & right spin characteristics?
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Gyroscopic effect of the propeller.
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How does the introduction of yaw affect the lift and drag of a stalled wing?
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Causes Asymmetrical lift and drag between the outside & inside wing.
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What conditions must be present to enter a negative G Stall?
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Negative G Stall & Yaw Introduced
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What is the main aerodynamic factor affecting spins.
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Conservation of Angular Momentum
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What causes an accelerated spin?
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Spinning with the control stick anywhere other than full aft
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In a right spin, which rudder will provide the greatest anti-spin forces?
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Full Left Rudder
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How can a progressive spin be entered?
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By Holding full aft stick while applying & holding anti-spin rudder
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Which aircraft will enter a spin slower, with less oscillation and take longer to recover?
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A heavier aircraft
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Which aircraft will spin at a lower pitch attitude?
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Right
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