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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Takeoff distance can be reduced by ______?
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Increasing Wing Camber
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Maximum range is defined as the_____?
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Maximum Distance with a given amount of fuel
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Critical Mach number is defined as ________?
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Mach number that produces the first evidence of local supersonic flow
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Flying _____ will give you the most distance for the airplane's altitude if the engine fails
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best glide speed
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A headwind will ______ maximum glide range.
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decrease
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Landing Roll is decreased by _______.
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headwing and upslope
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P-factor is caused by ______.
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one propeller creating more thrust than the opposing blade
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The propeller spins _______ so torque spins _______ turning the aircraft _______
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Clockwise, Counterclockwise, left
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Turn rate and radius are based on what factors?
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Bank angle and Velocity
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In a skid is the ball inside the turn or outside the turn?
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Outside the turn. (opposite the turn)
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Why must thrust increase in a turn?
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To componsate for increased drag
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Load factor is the ratio of _______ divided by ______.
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load; weight
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Limit Load factor is defined as ________
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the greatest load factor an airplane can sustain without risk of permanent deformation or damage.
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Why are asymmetric G limits lower the symmetric?
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the lift on the up-going wing is experienceing more G than what is read on the accelometer
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What is the G force required to maintain a 60* bank lever turn?
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2
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What is positive static stability?
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the initial tendency of an object to return to its original equilibrium
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Neutral dynamic stability is?
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Where oscillations never dampen but remain at a constant amplitude
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after the airplane rolls "it generates forces that reduce the bank angle and returns it to wings-level" is a definition for?
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Lateral Stability
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Cross-coupling causes?
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spiral and directional divergence
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A PIO in the pitch axis is the result of what?
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the pilot and the inherent longitudinal stability of the airplane simultaneously trying to correct for the same oscillations
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Takeoff distance can be increased by?
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Tailwind, heat, hot, humid, high elevation, weight
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Max endurance is?
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max time an airplane can remain airborne on a given amount of fuel
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Max glide range (flown at best glide speed) is?
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obtained by flying at L/D Max airspeed
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Gaining the most altitude in a given amount of time is?
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Best Rate of Climb
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Slipstream swirl is most noticeable at what type of power sitting and airspeed?
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Low airspeed, high power
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Ultimate Load Factor for T-6A is ?
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10.5. The max load the airplane can withstand without structural failure
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Sideslip angle is . . . ?
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the difference between the flightpath and the longitudinal axis
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When flying at Max Endurance, increasing the AOA to maintain level flight will result in what airspeed and power changes?
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result in slower airspeed requiring more power
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Minimum T/O speed?
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20% above power off stall speed
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4 Types of Flaps
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Slotted, Split, Fowler, Plain
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Greatest Factor for T/O Distance?
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Weight. If Weight is doubled, Distance doubles
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4 H's resulting in long T/O distance
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Hot, Humid, Heavy, and High
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T-6A Best Climb Speed
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140 KIAS
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Climb Performance is directly related to the ability to create excess _______ or ________
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Thrust or power
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Where is Max Endurance speed on Power Required graph?
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Less than L/D Max
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Where is Max Range on Power Required Graph?
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L/D Max
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How does wind affect Max Endurance?
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It doesn't
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Glide Ratio?
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Distance per altitude loss
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Glide Factors?
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Altitude, Tailwind, Headwind, Configuration, and Weight
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What happens to Power Required and Thrust Required Graphs when you add weight?
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Shift up, more power produces less result
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Weights affect on Max Glide Range?
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None. You go faster but cover the same horizontal distance
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Reverse Command
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higher power input necessary to maintain level flight. (think slow flight)
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Normal Approach speed?
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1.3x Stall Speed
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Biggest Factor for Landing distance?
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Weight
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Torque
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Prop spins Clockwise, Plane will spin counterclockwise. (Newton's Third Law)
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Gyroscopic Precession
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Apply a force to the edge of a spinning prop, the resultant force acts 90* ahead in the direction of rotation
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What causes the nose to track left when entering a right turn?
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Increased drag on Left wing. Aileron is producing more lift = more drag
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Turn radius.
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Radius of the circle of the flight path
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Turn rate
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Degree's of heading change per unit of time
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Factors that limit max bank and min velocity a plane can sustain in a turn
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Weight, Altitude, Load Factor, Stalling AOA, Engine Performance, Wing Loading
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Slip
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Ball is displace IN direction of airplane turn
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Skid
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Ball is displaced OUTside of the airplane turn
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Aerodynamic Stall Limit
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Total load factor that can be generated at a given speed
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Manuevering Speed
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Full or abrupt control movements can result in structural damage. 227 KIAS
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Static Stability
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Initial Tendency of object to move either too or from initial equilibrium
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Dynamic Stability
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position and measure of displacement of an object after it has been disturbed with respect to time
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Relationship to Stability and Maneuverability?
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Inverse. Think Fighter v. Heavy
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Directional Static Stability
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stability of the Longitudinal Axis aroudn the Vertical Axis. (Sideslip)
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Difference between Flight Path and Longitudinal Axis?
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Sideslip Angle
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How do straight wings respond to sideslip?
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Positive Dynamic Stability. Advancing wing has increase in parasite drag pulling that wing back to equilibrium
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How do swept wings respond to sideslip?
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Better Positive Dynamic Stability. More Chord distance means more Parasite and Induced drag than straight wing
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Fuselage's response to sideslip?
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Negative directional static stability. Airflow tends to push nose further away from flight path
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Vertical Stabilizer's response to sideslip?
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Greatest positive directional static stability. It turns into a Horizontal Lifting surface which swings tail back to equilibrium.
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Lateral Stability
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Is Roll stability, aka, stability around the longitudinal axis
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Dihedral Wing's response to sideslip.
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Downgoing wing creates more lift than upgoing lift which rights the aircraft. Greatest contributer to lateral static stability
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Are High Wings or Low Wings better for Lateral Stability?
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High Wing. Fuselage creates upwash on downgoing wing and downwash on upgoing wing which rights the plane.
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Swept Wing's lateral Stability
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More chordwise flow on down wing helps right the aircraft
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Dynamic effects brought about due to cross-coupling
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Directional Divergence, Spiral Divergence, Dutch Roll, Proverse roll, Adverse Yaw
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Directional Divergence
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Aircraft will continue to yaw and increase its sideslip angle
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Spiral Divergence
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Aircraft will continue to yaw and roll in reaction to initial sideslip
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Dutch Roll
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Caused by Strong Lateral and Weak directional Stability. Response to initial sideslip is wings level, nose yawed. Aircraft over componsates by pitching opposite wing down and nose corrects to far the opposite direction
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Proverse Roll
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Tendency for an Aircraft to roll in the same direction it yaws
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Adverse Yaw
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Tendency to yaw away from direction of turn
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Phugoid Oscillations
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Long period oscillations of altitude and airspeed while maintaining almost constant AOA.
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PIO
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Pilot Induced Oscillation. Pilot and Longitudinal Stability correct for the same oscillations.
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What happens to load factor as bank increases?
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It increases
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What control inputs are necessary for coordinated level turn?
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Aileron to bank, aileron to neutral, rudder, rudder to neutral, back stick pressure, pcl forward
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How do you correct for a slipstream swirl?
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Right Rudder
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How do you correct for P-Factor?
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Opposite Rudder
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Action to correct for prop torque?
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Opposite Aileron.
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What is the biggest skid hazard?
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possibility of a roll inverted or stall.
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Cornering Speed?
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Max speed with max Asymmetric G's Pulled. Approx 190 KIAS +4.7 G's
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Asymmetric Loads are encountered when?
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anytime the ailersons or rudder are deflected in flight. Asymmetric loads are minimal unless elevator is added.
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Types of Stability
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Dynamic and Static
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Types of Static Stability
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Positive, Neutral, and Negative.
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What two forces that act around center of gravity affect Longitudinal Stability?
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Lift and Weight. Based on where the CG in relation to the Aerodynamic Center
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If CG is aft of AC. . . ?
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The airplane will tend to pitch up more away from equilibrium. (negative contribution to longitudinal stability)
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