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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define an adverse drug reaction |
An unwanted or harmful reaction experienced following the administration of a drug or combination of drugs under normal conditions of use and which is suspected to be related to the drug. |
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Types of ADR Related to main pharma effect Not related |
On target effects Off target effects |
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On target effects are predictable or unpredictable? |
Predictable as MOA is well understood |
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On target effects are often reversible or not? |
Reversible by reducing the dose |
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Different types of On-Target effects 1. 2. |
1. Adverse effect = Exaggeration of the desired pharmacological action 2. Interaction with appropriate receptor but in incorrect tissue |
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Causes of adverse effect - exaggeration of desired action 1,2,3 |
Deliberate or accidental dosing error Alterations in pharmacokinetics Alterations in pharmacodynamics |
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Off target effects causes |
Lack of selectivity Interaction with unintended target |
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Types of ADRs mnemonic |
Augmented reactions Bizarre Continuing Delayed End of use |
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Augmented reactions overview |
Exaggeration of normal effect at usual dose OR Unwanted reactions predictable from drug pharmacology Usually dose-dependent |
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Bizarre overview |
Effects that are not pharmacologically predictable Idiosyncratic Immunological/allergic Toxicity may be direct or an immunological reaction |
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Continuing reactions overview |
Those persisting for relative long time |
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Delayed reactions overview |
Become apparent some time after use of medicine |
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End of use overview |
Associated with withdrawal |
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Stages in drug testing (very brief) |
Lab studies Human testing Licensing and marketing |
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What is Pharmacovigilance? |
Monitoring the use of medicines in everyday practice to identify previously unrecognised adverse effects or changes in patterns |
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How can new ADR be reported? |
Yellow Card scheme |
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How to avoid ADRs |
Use familiar drug Ensure dosing Consider interaction Consider other diseases Ask about allergies Not overprescribing Warning and education |
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What is the main factor in diagnosis of suspected ADRs? |
Time relative to drug administration |
