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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the breakdown of large molecules by enzymatic addition of water
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hydrolosis
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-CH(3) group
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methyl
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the nucleotide used to carry energy in the cell
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ATP
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-NH(2) group
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amnino group
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this carbohydrate is used in the transport of food from the leaves to the roots of plants, made of fructose and glucose
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sucrose
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the formation of large molecules from smaller repeating units
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condensation
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-COOH group
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carboxyl
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this polysaccharide is used in plants to store excess carbohydrates
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starch
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oils are liquid at room temperature because their fatty acid chains have one or more double bonds, which is called this
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unsaturated
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one of the six-carbon monosaccharides, found in fruit
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fructose
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a condensation reaction produces this type of or large multi-subunit molecule
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polymer
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neutral fats, lipid used as a food reserve in many organisms
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triglycerides
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-OH group
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hydroxl
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this macromolecule carries protein-building instructions
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DNA
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some of these lipids can lead to atherosclerosis, but others are exxential in sexual development
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sterols
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the bond between amino acids
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peptide
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glucose, galactose, and fructose have the same formule, but the atoms are arranged differently, therefore they are called this
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isomers
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butter, lard, bacon greade
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saturated
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this polysaccharide is made of glucose with nitrogen attached
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chitin
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this polysaccaride is used by animals for energy storage
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glycogen
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this disaccharide is made of flucose and galactose, and is found in milk
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lactose
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glycine, phenylaline, valine, tyrosine, methionine, cysteine
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amino acids
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the monomers are amino acids
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proteins
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monosaccahrides
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monomer of carbohydrate
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sequence of amino acids as determined by the DNA (level of protein structure)
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primary
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the fomation of alpha-helix or beta-pleated sheets in the amino acid chain held in by hydrogen bonds (level of protein structure)
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secondary
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carbon bonds this many times
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four
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this polysaccharide is found in plant cell walls, and cannot be broken down by humans
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cellulose
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this fat, along with phospholipids are used in the construction of biomembranes
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cholestoral
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the building blocks for ATP, FAD, NAD+, DNA, and RNA
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nucleotides
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this macromolecule has a 1:2:1 carbon to hydrogen to oxygen ratio
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carbohydrate
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the loss of treepdimensional structure of a protein as hydrogen bonds break, which causes enzymens to not function and cells die
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denaturation
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another name for a monomer of carbohydrates; _____ sugar
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simple
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this waxy coating on fruit keeps the fruit from drying
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cuticle
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a macromolecule is composed of smaller units
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monomer
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the interaction of several folded plypeptide chains (a level of protein structure)
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quaternary
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