Advanced Biochem Test 2 Carbohydrates

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what is the general formula for a carbohydrate?

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(C * H2O)n

n must be greater than or equal to 3.

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where does the word carbohydrate come from

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from the french, hydrate de carbone

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equation for photosynthesis

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most carbohydrate are found naturally in _____ rather than as simple sugars.

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bound form

Polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, gums)

b) Glycoproteins and proteoglycans (hormones, blood group
substances, antibodies)

c) Glycolipids (cerebrosides, gangliosides)

d) Glycosides

e) Mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid)

f) Nucleic acids

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what is this?

is it an aldehyde or ketone?

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be able to draw these aldoses and name them (general form)

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Epimers

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Differ only by the configuration around 1 carbon atom

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name, number of chiral centers.

which is most abundant in nature?

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an aldopentose

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an aldohexose

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an aldohexose

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an aldohexose

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what are these, and how are they formed?

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draw d glucose and then make it cyclic

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explain the two anomers of cyclic glucose

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draw the furanose form of D-arabinose. Hemiketal, or hemiacetal?

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Draw the furanose form of beta-L-arabinose

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Draw the furanose form of beta-D-fructose.

hemiketal or hemiacetal?

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what group is this

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acetyl group

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what is this

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acetaldehyde

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what is this

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acetic acid

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what is this

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acetone

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produce an enolate ion from this, using only a base.

draw both resonance structures of the enolate ion.

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Identify this molecule, epimerize it, then identify the product.

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identify the molecule, put it through an endiol rearrangment, and then name the product

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reduce and oxidize this sugar group.

which direction has the higher oxidation state?

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reduce and name its product

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name, reduce, and name product

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D-glyceraldehyde

glycerol

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If D-fructose is reduced, what are the two possible products?

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explain The Synthesis of Aldonic Acids

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this is an oxidation rxn

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chemical in Tollen’s reagent:

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Ag(NH3)2OH

silver diamine hydroxide solution

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chemicals in fehling's solution:

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KOH or NaOH and CuSO4

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chemicals in Benidict's solution

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Na2CO3 and CuSO4

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can Tollen's reagent distinguish between aldoses and ketoses?

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where does the carbon get added, and where does it come from in this rxn

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polysaccharides are also known as

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glycans

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polymers of glucose

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glucans

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polymers of galactose

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galactans

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amylopectin structure

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