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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A system that relates meaning to sounds. Language expression. |
Speech |
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An arbitrary system of signs or symbols used according to prescribed rules to convey meaning within a linguistic community. |
Language |
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Speech includes: |
Phonemes, prosody, voicing, articulators.
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Courses for speech: |
Articulation, voice, stuttering motor speech, dysphagia. |
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Language includes: |
Linguistics, pragmatics, semantics, cognition. Language comprehension and expression. |
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Language courses: |
Language development, language disorders in children & adolescents, aphasia. |
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Components of Speech: |
Phonemes, Allophones, & Morphophonology |
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Minimal sound elements that represent and distinguish language units. |
Phonemes
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Allophones |
Slight variations in sound that don't change meaning. |
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A speech sound can be both a unit of phonology and a unit of language. A morpheme and a phoneme. Ex: /s/ bus and hats |
Morphophonology |
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Respiratory System: |
Lungs, airway, rib cage, diaphragm. Air supply and power generator |
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Carilages and muscles. Sound generator. Regulates air flow. |
Larynx
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Velopharynx |
Soft palate & connected muscles. Directs air through nose or mouth. |
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Complex integrated muscles: tip/apex, blade, back/dorsum, root, body. Primary articulator |
Tongue |
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Lips |
Round muscle. Produces vowels and consonants. |
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Massive bone that supports the tongue and lips. Stability and control for rapid speech production. |
Jaw |
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When a persons speech sounds weak, what speech mechanism is affected? |
Respiratory Function
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When a person has a breathy voice, what speech mechanism is affected? |
Larynx |
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When a person doesn't pronounce words correctly, what speech mechanism is affected? |
Tongue &/or other articulators. |
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When a person has a nasalized speech, what speech mechanism is affected? |
Velopharynx |
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Define suprasegmentals: prososdy |
Characteristics of speech that involve units larger than phonemes. |
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Examples of suprasegmentals: |
Syllables, words, phrases, sentences These characteristics add meaning to the above units. |
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Components of suprasegmentals: |
Stress, Intonation, Loudness, Pitch level, Juncture, Speaking rate, & Vowel reduction. |
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Degree of effort (emphasis) given to words or phrases. |
Stress |
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Vowel pitch contour of an utterance. |
Intonation |
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Loudness |
Intensity |
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Pitch Level |
Average pitch of voice. Ex: high, low, medium (Suprano, alto, bass). |
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Vocal Punctuation |
Juncture |
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Rapid rate reduces duration of vowels, pauses, consonants, & overall range of articulatory movements. |
Speaking rate |
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Rapid speaking reduces vowels to unstressed mid vowels. |
Vowel reduction |
