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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Vitamin A |
Esterified to a fatty acid Mostly stored in liver |
Fat soluble |
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Carotenoids |
Source: pigment in fruit and veggie |
Include beta carotene, lutein, lycopene |
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Beta carotene |
Greatest provitamin activity |
Water soluble |
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Vitamin A |
Requires digestion and needs to be separate from retinal and carotenoids from proteins/fatty acids via proteases, lipases |
Fat soluble vitamin |
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Micelles |
Free retinal and carotenoids are incorporated here |
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Retinolcarotenoids |
Absorbed via protein carrier and non saturable or passive |
70-90% of dietary retinal absorbed this way |
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Carotenoids |
Absorbed via transporters |
Inhibited by pectin and vitamin E |
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Retinol |
Becomes esterified and incorporated into chylomicrons for transport |
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Chylomicrons |
Carry retinyl esters, unesterified esters, and carotenoids to peripheral tissues |
Retinal and carotenoids then return to the liver as this remnant |
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Hepatic Stellate cells |
Requires cellular retinol binding protein |
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Retinol binding protein |
This uptake is into extra hepatic via RBP-retinol receptor mediated endocytosis |
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Retinol binding protein and pre albumin |
Transport of retinol in blood from liver requires |
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Carotenoids |
Transported as part of lipoproteins |
On surface of ldl, hdl, vldl Uptake requires apoproteins |
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Vitamin D3 in skin |
Transported in blood via DBP |
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Vitamin D3 |
To liver via chylomicrons remnant or DBP (endogenous) |
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VITAMIN D3 |
This is hydroxylated via 25 a hydroxylase to 25 OH D3 in liver |
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Night vision |
Rhodopsin found in the rods is responsible for this |
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Rhodopsin |
Cleaved with light to form Opsin and transretinal |
Synthesized in dark |
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Endogenous |
Synthesis in skin |
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Incorporated |
7 dehydrocholesterol forms provitamins D via |
Provitamins D 3 to vitamin D3 |
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Incorporat |
7 dehydrocholesterol forms provitamins D via |
Provitamins D 3 to vitamin D3 |
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Vitamin D |
Passive diffusion into enterocyte and absorbed in Micelle |
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Vitamin D3 |
Small amounts of vit D transported via DBP become incorporated into |
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Vitamin E and K |
High concentrations of vitamin A inhibit absorption of these |
Fat soluble |
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1,25 OH D3 |
Stimulates osteoclasts activity |
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Calcium absorption from vitamin D |
Increase of parathyroid hormone causes |
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Calcium reabsorbing osteoclasts |
Monocyte like cells lead to |
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Calcium |
1000 mg day of this can reduce risk of fractures |
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Vitamin E form |
Tocotrienols Tocopherols |
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Vitamin E |
Stored mostly in adipose tissues |
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LDL receptor uptake |
Uptake into cells via |
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This |
Free radical termination is the role of |
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V |
This is r/t heart disease and eye health |
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Selenium and vitamin C |
This is synergistic for vitamin E |
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Protein and zinc |
Necessary for vitamin A metabolism |
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Vitamin E deficiency |
Associated with lipoprotein deficiency or lipid malabsorption |
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E |
This vitamin has enhanced immunity and cardio protective effects |
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Immune effects of vitamin E |
Increased antibody production, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokines production |
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Cardioprotective effects of vitamin E |
Decreased ldl oxidation and platelet adhesion |
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Phylloquinone |
Primary form in diet of vitamin K |
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Menaquinone |
Produced by intestinal bacteria, vitamin K form |
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Menadione |
Synthetic vitamin K form |
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Phylloquinone |
This form of vitamin K is absorbed by small intestine in micelle |
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Anti hemorrhagic affect in vitamin K |
Fibrogen to fibrin is a factor of |
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Factors of clotting in vitamin k |
vii, IX, x, thrombin are all |
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Iron |
Reduced incorporation into RBC with poor vitamin A status |
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Clotting factors |
Binds calcium and phospholipids |
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Y-carboxylation of glutamate |
Post translational modification of clotting factors |
Vitamin K must be in the reduced form for this reaction |
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Y-carboxylase |
This catalyze the carboxylation of 9-12 glutamyl residues |
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Quinone reduction. |
Prevents the reduction of vitamin k via inhibition of |
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Oxalate |
Binds calcium and prevents absorption |
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Duodenum |
Absorption here is saturable and requires energy |
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TRPV6 |
Calcium transporter for import |
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Calbindin |
Intercellular binding protein |
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Calcium ATPase |
Calcium transporter for export |
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Acat |
Absorption here has high dietary calcium and in colon |
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Vitamin A deficiency |
Xerophthalmia |
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Parathyroid hormone |
Released with low blood calcium and increases bone resorption |
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Vitamin D |
Activated by PTH Increases calcium absorption and bone resorption |
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Calcitonin |
Released with high blood calcium |
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Compartmentalized |
Calcium in cell is 10,000 fold lower than calcium that is |
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Bone |
These are induced by increased calcium |
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Trabecular |
This one is more metabolically active |
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Bone remodeling |
Bone resorption(osteoclasts) + bone formation (osteoblasts) = |
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Osteoclasts |
Activity of this determines bone breakdown |
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Breakdown products |
Hydroxyproline + collagen = |
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Osteopenia |
Low bone density |
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1a hydroxylase |
Regulated by the parathyroid hormone |
1 |
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Factors that affect vitamin D |
Time of day, latitude, season, melanin, aging, sunscreen, clothing |
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Osteocytes |
Osteoblasts that become surrounded by bone |
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Osteoclasts |
Breakdown bone, stimulated by 1,25 OH D3 |
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Osteoblasts |
Bone forming, secretes collagen, helps regulate calcium |
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Calcium mobilization |
Hcl and collagenase |
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