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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Magnesium is what type of cation?
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divalent cation
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What minerals are found in well (hard) water?
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Calcium and magnesium
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What are sources of Mg
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leafy greens with chlorophyll**
coffee, tea, and cocoa |
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What is the ring called that magnesium is in and when you cook the leafy greens the magnesium drops out of it and goes into the solution (water) ?
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porphrin ring
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What is the recommended cooking method for foods to not lose the Mg?
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quick cooks
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What is the absorption efficiency of Mg?
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50%, depending on dose
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At higher intakes, how is Mg absorbed?
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by simple diffusion - paracellular
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what is paracellular diffusion?
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absorption in between cells
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Which substance enchance mg absorption?
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vit d
protein carbs fructose oligosaccharides |
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Which substances inhibit mg absorption?
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phytic acid
fiber excessive unabsorbed fatty acids |
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about how much free mg is found in blood vs bound to protein?
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blood = about 1/2 free mg
protein bound = about 1/3 |
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How much mg is transported "free", bound to protein, and complexed with ions?
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free: 50-55%
bound to protein = 33% complexed with ions = 13% |
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of the 25 g of total mg in the body, how much is found in bone and soft tissue?
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1/2 in bone, 1/2 in soft tissue
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Bone attracts alot of Mg, where does that mg attach to?
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the outside of the matrix
* not part of bone structure |
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What is the primary function / role of mg?
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binding ATP
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How are mg blood levels controlled?
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kidney resorption
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What effect do diuretics have on mg?
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increased mg loss
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How does high calcium levels cause an increase in mg excretion?
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by reducing PTH
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What is one of the most important physiological roles of Mg?
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regulating the Na/K pump
** pumps K+ in and Na+ out of cells * basic function in all living systems |
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Low levels of mg leads to lower cellular levels and higher excretion rates of what other mineral?
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potassium
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How can mg create a hyper excitability state in nerve and muscle cells?
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by leading to increased cellular calcium levels
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What conditions result in a depletion of mg?
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fluid loss ( diarrhea, chronic vomitting, polyuria, diuretics)
hypercalcemia alcohol and caffeine hyperglycemia |
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what can depleted mg levels cause?
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hyperexcitable nerves and muscles
*including coronary muscles cramps hypertension coronary vasospams |
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In acute heart failure, why does the heart stop?
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because of the loss of K and Mg * essential electrolytes
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What effect does mg deficiency have on diabetics?
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1. impairs insulin secretion
2. leads to tachycardia and fibriliations *irregular heart beats 3. leads to hypertension |
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what type of drugs for hypertension can increase mg loss?
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diuretics
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What essential aspect of diabetes does mg impact?
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insulin secretion
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what nutrient draws out mg when high?
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glucose
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what is glucosuria?
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excretion of glucose in urine
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How do many diabetics die?
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stroke or heart attack
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What is Mg(OH)2 ?
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milk of magnesia
*for constipation |
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what is MgSO4 ?
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epsom salts
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what is unique about the RDA for mg?
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its the smallest for macrominerals
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What is the UL for Mg?
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350 mg (non-food sources)
* toxicity only for supplements |
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How do you assess mg?
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serum concentrations
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What is not a good assessment of mg, as it is not well regulated and may give different values from day to day?
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blood levels
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PTH controls the plasma levels of what 2 minerals?
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magnesium and calcium
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How does competition occur between mg and Ca for absorption and reabsorption?
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high doses of ca inhibits mg absorption at low doses
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Which minerals are pretty water soluble and get washed away during food processing?
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mg and k
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Deficiency of mg leads to increased excretion of what mineral, creating a deficiency in that mineral as well?
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K
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