Adv 2 Exam 2

Front 1

the properly worded recommendation for sodium intake per day for the older adult

Back 1

1500 mg

Front 2

rickets is primarily associated with deficiency of vitamin

Back 2

D

Front 3

vitamin plays a key role in transamination

Back 3

pyridoxide (b6)

Front 4

deficient nutrient causes megaloblastic anemia

Back 4

cyanocobalamin (b12)

Front 5

vitamin has as its primary function the maintenance of calcium homeostasis

Back 5

vitamin D

Front 6

serotonin is produced by the body from tryptophan. what nutrient would be most important for this conversion to occur?

Back 6

pyridoxine (b6)

Front 7

vitamin C is necessary for

Back 7

connective tissue synthesis

Front 8

functions in muscle contraction and helps regulate blood coagulation

Back 8

calcium

Front 9

iron facilitates transfer of electrons in

Back 9

the respirator chain

Front 10

what element is a constituent of vit b12?

Back 10

cobalt

Front 11

too much non-heme iron could increase risk for deficiency of vit A through the adverse interaction with which nutrient?

Back 11

zinc

Front 12

through action of aldosterone, potassium is:

Back 12

lost from the body

Front 13

main univalent cation of intracellular fluid

Back 13

potassium

Front 14

not commonly recommended

Back 14

potassium supplements

Front 15

a B complex vitamin, involved in energy metabolism, water soluble

Back 15

pantothenic acid

Front 16

high dietary iron to zinc ratio could lead to

Back 16

reduced visual acuity

Front 17

element is a constituent of the thyroid hormones

Back 17

iodine

Front 18

nutrients have been reported to help improve glucose metabolism/utilization in the body

Back 18

chromium

Front 19

ionin form of iron that is absorbed the most efficiently

Back 19

Fe+2

Front 20

in proper levels of intake, a primary function of ascorbic acid is to act as an

Back 20

antioxidant

Front 21

the storage chemical 5-methyl THF requires the action of this nutrient in order to form its active state

Back 21

b12

Front 22

vitamin believed to function like a steroid hormone

Back 22

calcitriol (active vit D)

Front 23

vitamin directs cellular differential of epithelial cells

Back 23

A

Front 24

plays a contributing role in hydroxyapatite crystal formation

Back 24

flouride

Front 25

blood coagulation and bone metabolism (osteocalcin activity)

Back 25

vit K

Front 26

best nutrient to promote carboxylation reactions

Back 26

biotin

Front 27

functions in decarboxylation reactions, is a fatty acid derivative (sulfur derivative), funtions in antioxidant choices

Back 27

lipoic acid

Front 28

reduces inorganic iron to allow a more efficient absorption into the gut cell

Back 28

ascorbic acid

Front 29

glycoprotein that serves as a transporter of copper

Back 29

ferroxidase (ceruloplasmin)

Front 30

as blood homocysteine increases, risk for cardiovascular disease

Back 30

increases

Front 31

low stomach acid would enhance gut microbes which may produce

Back 31

vit k

Front 32

supplement together

Back 32

folic acid and b12

Front 33

high levels of what are found in certain foods like the red tomato. cooking and fat enhances absorption

Back 33

lycopene

Front 34

intakes of zinc over the UL can induce

Back 34

hypochromic microcytic anemia

Front 35

very toxic at high levels

Back 35

retinyl acetate supplements, instead use pro-vit A carotenoids

Front 36

transketolase activation is used to determine the nutritional status for

Back 36

b1 (thiamin)

Front 37

UL for ascorbic acid (a pro-oxidant at high levels)

Back 37

2 g/day

Front 38

deficient nutritients will lead to hypochromic microcytic anemia

Back 38

pyridoxine, Fe, copper

Front 39

IOM raised the high end range of fat intake to

Back 39

lower the GI of the diet

Front 40

certain forms of kidney disease could cause

Back 40

bone disease

Front 41

causes sodium and water to be reabsorbed and potassium is lost

Back 41

aldosterone

Front 42

nicotinic acid (b3)has the following affect (g doses per day)

Back 42

reduction in LDL, reduction in VLDL, elevation in HDL

Front 43

two minerals that are part of the hydroxyapatite

Back 43

calcium and phosphorus

Front 44

nutrients that help promite normal blood pressure

Back 44

potassium, magnesium, calcium

Front 45

atheletes training in heat and humidity have elevated levels of what (helps conserve na and water)

Back 45

aldosterone

Front 46

newborns and long-term vegetarians cause increased risk for

Back 46

vit K deficiency

Front 47

found in dark green leaves plus gut fermentation

Back 47

vit K

Front 48

important for kinase reactions and energy metabolism

Back 48

magnesium

Front 49

promotes phosphorylation in energy pathways

Back 49

kinase reactions

Front 50

vit b6 is indirectly involved in energy metabolism due to its role in forming:

Back 50

niacin

Front 51

activates osteocalcin

Back 51

vit K

Front 52

current potassium intake recommendation

Back 52

4700 mg/day

Front 53

due to poor absorption from food, those over 50 should take

Back 53

b12 supplements

Front 54

excessive intake increases risk for internal hemorrhage

Back 54

vit E

Front 55

activation can be used to determine the nutritional status for riboflavin

Back 55

glutathione reductase

Front 56

zinc intake over UL (40 mg) may cause deficiency in iron utilization due to adverse affects on

Back 56

copper

Front 57

body can convert some carotenoid forms into

Back 57

vit A

Front 58

form of alpha-tocopherol that is not active

Back 58

l

Front 59

biochemical that's synthesized with the help of vit C underscores the importance of vit C to fat metabolism

Back 59

carnitine

Front 60

acetyl-CoA contains

Back 60

pantothenic acid

Front 61

an FDA approved color additive and used in tanning pills

Back 61

canthaxanthin

Front 62

fat soluble vit that has as a principal function the mainenance of membrane integrity

Back 62

tocopherols (vit E)

Front 63

proper wording for labeling low sodium food

Back 63

less than or equal to 140 mg/day

Front 64

folate is vitally important for dividing cells during growth because of its role in the synthesis of

Back 64

purines and pyrimidines

Front 65

enhance the uptake of non-heme iron into the gut cell

Back 65

ascorbic acid, lactic acid, fish

Front 66

mineral essential in the action of glutathione peroxidase in the reduction of organic peroxides and hydrogen peroxide

Back 66

selenium (antioxidant)

Front 67

superoxide dismutase (needed to protect the body from superoxide radicals) requires this for activity

Back 67

manganese, copper, zinc

Front 68

food with isoflavones to reduce cancer risk

Back 68

soy milk (1 c/day) about 40 mg isoflavones/cup

Front 69

carotenoids can be

Back 69

red, yellow, orange

Front 70

contain all eight major forms of vit E

Back 70

certain nuts like almonds

Front 71

eat to increase carotenoid consumption

Back 71

spinach (colors are hidden by chlorophyll)

Front 72

strong anti-oxidants

Back 72

carotenoids

Front 73

rich carotenoid food

Back 73

sweet potato

Front 74

food chemical that is a carotenoid

Back 74

lycopene

Front 75

benefits obtained from vegetables, lowers risk for H. pylori induced ulcers, reduce risk for several human cancers, an isothiocyanate, found in brocolli, induces hepatic detoxifying enzymes

Back 75

sulforaphane

Front 76

structural varients of vit E

Back 76

tocotrienols

Front 77

major dietary source for lignans (phytoestrogen) and may lower cancer risk

Back 77

flax

Front 78

phytoestrogen supplements may be

Back 78

toxic

Front 79

deep red tomato sauce is a food signigicant in

Back 79

lycopene

Front 80

high ORAC food

Back 80

red grape juice (deep purple foods)

Front 81

best food choice for sulfurophane

Back 81

brocolli (a Brassica vegetable)

Front 82

important for eye health

Back 82

lutein, zeaxanthin

Front 83

3rd group of phytoestrogens: stilbene

Back 83

resveratrol (not a carotenoid)

Front 84

plant sterols have structures similar to

Back 84

cholesterol (lowers cholesterol absorption, present in new margarine)

Front 85

can interfere with cholesterol absorption, present in certain margarine

Back 85

plant sterols

Front 86

best for phytonutrient allicin is

Back 86

garlic (alliin to allicin with air exposure and enzyme alliinase)

Front 87

increase production of cellular phase-2 enzymes thereby reducing the risk for certain cancers

Back 87

phytochemicals in brassica vegetables

Front 88

carotenoids can form this in the human body

Back 88

vit A

Front 89

deficiency will induce large red cell anemia

Back 89

folacin, B12, Vit E

Front 90

isothiocyanate-like chemicals increase cellular production of phase-2 enzymes thereby potentially having

Back 90

an anti-cancer effect

Front 91

the HMS enzyme transketolase is an excellent measure of nutritional assessment of:

Back 91

thiamin

Front 92

active coenzyme of vit B12 is:

Back 92

methylcobalamin

Front 93

deficiency of the cobalamins is a condition that causes

Back 93

peripheral nerve damage

Front 94

pyridoxal phosphate is important in potentially reeducing risk for:

Back 94

cardiovascular disease

Front 95

biochemical action relates most closely to folacins role in purine metabolism

Back 95

methyl transfer (single carbon transfer)

Front 96

to obtain a more effective B12 metabolism, one should purchase as a supplement:

Back 96

cyanocobalamin coenzyme

Front 97

Vit C is necessary for:

Back 97

a strong connective tissue through hydroxylation reactions

Front 98

functions of purine/pyrimidine synthesis

Back 98

protection and repair of DNA

Front 99

organic molecule with an attached essential mineral

Back 99

ligand (cobald in vit B12)

Front 100

adding methyl group to homocystein makes....

Back 100

methionine

Front 101

formed in nerve cells and makes chemicals to form myelin sheath

Back 101

methionine

Front 102

DRI for Vit B12

Back 102

2.4 mcg

Front 103

supplemental B12 is NOT:

Back 103

a protein complex

Front 104

deficiency of B12 causes:

Back 104

nerve damage

Front 105

defeciency of B12 can take several years to develop because of:

Back 105

large body stores of B12 and because of enterhepatic reabsorption

Front 106

stomach surgery/disease may cause:

Back 106

decreased IF, decreased acid, decreased pepsin, decreased "R" factor

Front 107

ileal surgery/disease may cause:

Back 107

decreased receptors for B12 absorption

Front 108

vegans, stomach surgery, ileal surgery, parasitism, achlorhydria, alcoholism, elderly, individuals lacking IF

Back 108

where B12 deficiency can be seen