Adult Language Disorders

Front 1

What is a neuron?

Back 1

the basic unit of the nervous system. It has a cell body, the axons that transmit impulses and the dendrites that receive.

Front 2

Adults use between ________word expressively.

Back 2

30,000 and 60,000

Front 3

Seniors use more ____ words such as______.

Back 3

Indefinite; one, thing

Front 4

It is estimated that over ______ americans have aphasia.

Back 4

1 million

Front 5

how many people become a aphasics each day?

Back 5

200

Front 6

Synapses are____

Back 6

the tiny spaces between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the next.

Front 7

Describe the hemispheric Asymmetry for language and speech.

Back 7

98% of the population is left hemisphere dominant for most aspects of expressive and receptive language.

Front 8

In general, all right handers and 60% of left handers are____and a very small percentage ______

Back 8

left hemisphere dominant; have no apparent dominance of language function.

Front 9

What is the thalamus?

Back 9

2 egg shaped structures subdivided into topographically organized nuclei (neuron clusters) a receiving station for sensory info and transmits motor info to muscles.

Front 10

What is the basal ganglia?

Back 10

Regulate motor function.

Front 11

What can damage to the basal ganglia cause?

Back 11

Depending on the pathway, reduced of slowed movement, (Parkinson), involuntary movement (Huntingtons), or quick continuous of head face tongue or limbs (Chorea)

Front 12

What is the cerebellum?

Back 12

Complex motor activities.

Front 13

What is Dysarthia?

Back 13

Paralysis, weakness or poor coordination resulting in speech articulation disorders

Front 14

What is Dysphagia?

Back 14

Paralysis of sensory impairment of the face or neck. Swallowing and chewing issues.

Front 15

What is Hemiplegia?

Back 15

Paralysis on one side of the body

Front 16

What is Hemisensory impairment?

Back 16

Can accompany hemiplegia or hemiparesis and is a loss of ability to perceive sensory info.

Front 17

What is Hemianopsia?

Back 17

Blindness in the right visual field of each eye. Lesion of the left hemisphere anterior and across the top of the brain.

Front 18

What is Agnosia?

Back 18

Sensory deficit accompanying some aphasia. Client has a hard time understanding incoming sensory info. Maybe auditory or visual.

Front 19

What is Agrammatism?

Back 19

Omission of unstressed words such as articles or prepositions. “take dog walk”

Front 20

What are many causes of traumatic brain injuries?

Back 20

Falls 28%, motor vehicle crashes 20%, sports 19%, assalt 11%

Front 21

The 2 age group at the highest risk of TBI are.

Back 21

0 – 4 year olds, and 15 – 19 year olds.

Front 22

The term right hemisphere damage (RHD) refers to a group of deficits that result from injury to _____

Back 22

the right hemisphere of the brain, the non-dominant hemisphere for nearly all language functions.

Front 23

Unlike those with focal damage such as a stroke, who progress smoothly during intervention, those with _____________recover in a plateau fashion characterized by periods of little or no change interspersed with periods of rapid improvement

Back 23

TBI

Front 24

Individuals with Alzheimer's disease may be primarily impaired in__

Back 24

memory language and visual spacial skills.

Front 25

What is the most obvious function affected by dementia?

Back 25

Memory is the most obvious function affected by

Front 26

The brainstem is divided into what 3 longitudinal divisions

Back 26

the midbrain, pons, and medulla

Front 27

Intervention for cognitive-communicative deficits with individuals with TBI is called ____

Back 27

cognitive rehabilitation- a treatment regimen designed to increase functional abilities for everyday life by improving the capacity to process incoming information.

Front 28

Depression is a common condition of ______

Back 28

neurological disorders.

Front 29

The primary motor cortex controls

Back 29

The primary motor cortex, located immediately in front of the central sulcus, controls VOLUNTARY motor movements.

Front 30

What are the three parts of the neuron?

Back 30

Cell body, axon, and dendrites

Front 31

How does a neuron function.

Back 31

Made up of a cell body, a single axon that transmits impulses away from the cell body to the next neuron, and several branching dendrites that receive impulses from other cells and transmit them toward the cell body

Front 32

The nervous system consists of the _____

Back 32

brain, spinal cord, and all associated nerves and sense organs

Front 33

Which reports will aid in the planning of both assessment and intervention for individuals with TBI?

Back 33

Read about it

Front 34

Aphasia

Back 34

Literally “without language”1) Affects over 1 million people in the U.S. 2) May affect listening, speaking, reading, writing 3) Range in severity 4) Related to cause, location/extent/age of brain injury, age/general health of patient Patterns of behavior can be used to categorize by type/syndrome

Front 35

Aphasia symptoms

Back 35

Expressive deficits Reduced vocabulary Omission/addition of words Stereotypic speech Delayed or reduced output of speech

Front 36

Hyperfluent speech

Back 36

Very rapid speech with few pauses. May be incoherent, inefficient and pragmatically inappropriate.

Front 37

Word substitutions

Back 37

read about it.

Front 38

Language comprehension deficits

Back 38

Impaired interpretation of linguistic information

Front 39

Fluent Aphasias

Back 39

Word substitutions, neologisms, and often verbose verbal output. Often posterior lesions in the left hemisphere

Front 40

Hemiparesis

Back 40

Weakness on the other side of the body in which strength and control are reduced.

Front 41

Paraphasia

Back 41

Word and phoneme substitutions “ I need a sheet of pepper, pepper sheet.”

Front 42

Agraphia

Back 42

Difficulty writing; Full of mistakes,jargon, neologisms

Front 43

Anomia

Back 43

Difficult naming entities Client may struggle greatly. Know what they want to say but cannot locate the word. An incorrect answer may be produced even in the client recognizes that it is incorrect.

Front 44

Alexia

Back 44

Reading problems unable to recognize common words Paraphasia and neologisms

Front 45

Jargon

Back 45

Meaningless or irrelevant speech with typical intonational patterns “we went to the cookies to laugh at the elephants, didn’t we?

Front 46

Neologisms

Back 46

Novel Words Cow juice for “Milkshake”

Front 47

Wernicke's Aphasia

Back 47

Fluent or Non-fluent, impaired to poor speech comprehension, Speech characteristics, Verbal paraphasia, jargon, Impaired reading comprehension, impaired naming, impaired speech repetition

Front 48

Anomic

Back 48

Fluent Mild to moderate speech comprehension Speech characteristics: word retrieval and misnaming, good syntax, and articulation Good reading comprehension Naming: severally impaired in both speech and writing, Good repetition.

Front 49

Conduction

Back 49

Fluent Speech comprehension: mildly impair to good Characteristics: Paraphasia and incorrect ordering with fluent self correction attempts, good articulation and syntax

Front 50

Transcortical sensory aphasia

Back 50

Fluent Poor comprehension characteristics Paraphasia, possible preservation impaired comprehension severely impaired naming unpaired repetition

Front 51

Transcortical motor aphasia

Back 51

Non-fluent Speech comprehension: Mildly impaired Characteristics: Impaired, labored, difficulty initiating, syntactic errors Reading comprehension: unimpaired to poor naming: impaired speech repetition: good

Front 52

Global

Back 52

Non-fluent Speech comprehension: Poor, single words or short phrases Characteristics: limited spontaneous ability of a few words on stereotypes Reading comprehension: poor

Front 53

Verbal Stereotype

Back 53

Repeating words several times. I see, I see, I see

Front 54

Traumatic brain injury may result in

Back 54

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