Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Angina
|
a temporary imbalance between teh coronary arteries ability to supply O2 and myocardial demand for O2
|
|
|
What is stabile angina?
|
unchanging pattern with a frequency, duration, and intensity of pain familiar to client
|
|
|
What relieves stable angina?
|
nitroglycerin or rest
|
|
|
When do symptoms of stable angina occur?
|
moderate or prolonged exertion
|
|
|
What can help manage stable angina?
|
Ca channel blockers, beta blockers (if not a candidate for surgery)
|
|
|
What are teh side effects of nitroglycerin?
|
headache, dizziness, tingling (sublingual), hypotension, dilated arteries, decreased BP
|
|
|
What is the process for taking nitroglycerin
|
take one then wait 3-5 minutes and take another and wait another 3-5 minutes and take another and if you still have pain, CALL AN AMBULANCE (don't drive urself)
|
|
|
When does unstable angina occur?
|
with minimal exertion or at rest
|
|
|
What does angina cause?
|
limitation in activities
|
|
|
What may not relieve unstable angina
|
NTG or rest
|
|
|
Angina
|
a temporary imbalance between teh coronary arteries ability to supply O2 and myocardial demand for O2
|
|
|
What is stabile angina?
|
unchanging pattern with a frequency, duration, and intensity of pain familiar to client
|
|
|
What relieves stable angina?
|
nitroglycerin or rest
|
|
|
When do symptoms of stable angina occur?
|
moderate or prolonged exertion
|
|
|
What can help manage stable angina?
|
Ca channel blockers, beta blockers (if not a candidate for surgery)
|
|
|
What are teh side effects of nitroglycerin?
|
headache, dizziness, tingling (sublingual), hypotension, dilated arteries, decreased BP
|
|
|
What is the process for taking nitroglycerin
|
take one then wait 3-5 minutes and take another and wait another 3-5 minutes and take another and if you still have pain, CALL AN AMBULANCE (don't drive urself)
|
|
|
When does unstable angina occur?
|
with minimal exertion or at rest
|
|
|
What does angina cause?
|
limitation in activities
|
|
|
What may not relieve unstable angina
|
NTG or rest
|
|
|
What makes up acute coronary syndrome
|
unstable angina, subendocardial MI, and MI
|
|
|
What is acute coronary syndrome
|
the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque which clumps and clots
|
|
|
What is the golden hour?
|
the hour in which you need to be getting treatment to save heart muscle
|
|
|
What are some meds for angina?
|
aspirin, oxygen, nitrates, MSO4 (morphine)
|
|
|
What does morphine do for angina?
|
relieves pain and calms you down
|
|
|
HOw much morphine for angina
|
2-4 mg IV now
|
|
|
What is nitropaste?
|
paste applied to paper ordered as "2 inches every 2 hours"
|
|
|
What are nitro patches
|
24 hr slow release
|
|
|
What do you do with nitro patches
|
alternate sites
|
|
|
What occurs with topical nitroglycerin?
|
tolerance: take on and off to prevent it
|
|
|
HOw long is nitropaste good
|
4-6 hr
|
|
|
How long is nitropatch good
|
24 hr
|
|
|
What are teh routes of nitrate
|
oral, topical, sublingual, IV
|
|
|
What is CK?
|
creatinine kinase/ enzymes specific to cells of the brain, myocardium, and skeletal muscle
|
|
|
What is CK MB?
|
enzymes specific to myocardial muscle
|
|
|
What is an invasive procedure involving fluoroscopy and contrast media?
|
angiogram
|
|
|
What are parts of client prep for an angiogram?
|
allergies, lab values, VS, education, consent, site prep
|
|
|
What are risks for an angiogram?
|
allergic reaction, hemorrhage, arrhythmias, thrombosis (stroke or occlusion), embolism, renal failure, death
|
|
|
What are some lab values to assess before an angiogram?
|
PT, INR, BUN, CR, LYTES
|
|
|
What allergic reaction may occur with angiogram?
|
shellfish/iodine
|
|
|
What may they do if giving a shellfish allergic pt an angiogram
|
premedicate with prednisone
|
|
|
What are some parts of an angiogram follow up?
|
sheath removal (bleeding/hematoma can occur), activity restriction, site inspection, VS, dye excretion
|
|
|
What may occur at groin with angiogram?
|
bruise may be normal but it it grows and hardens, can e a hematoma which can lose a lot of blood
|
|
|
What does coronary arteriography do?
|
visualize arteries for blockage, determine extent of blockage, determine how to treat blockage
|
|
|
What is IVUS?
|
Intravascular ultrasound:
More specific than angiography to determine plaque distribution and composition |
|
|
What are some parts of electrophysiology studies?
|
invasive, look at electrical conduction system of heart
|
|
|
what is the electrophysiology study used for?
|
to treat lethal arrhythmias and accessory pathways
|
|
|
What are some parts of follow up to electrophysiology studies?
|
pulse, vitals, signs, site
|
|
|
What do they do in electrophysiology study?
|
try to redo an arrhythmia to determine how to stop it
|
|
|
What is a thrombolytic therapy?
|
TPS, APSAC, RETAVASE
|
|
|
When can you not have thrombolytic therapy?
|
cannot have had recent stroke or surgery because you can bleed to death
|
|
|
What can occur with thrombolytic therapy?
|
bleeding and bruising
|
|
|
What are some parts of prep for intervention for electrophysiology studies?
|
prep, consent, allergies, previous reactions, lab work
|
|
|
What do you do before a test/surgery if you have Metformin?
|
hold for 48 hours
|
|
|
What are some parts of recovery from electrophysiology studies?
|
recovery from procedure, groin site, peripheral pulses, revascularization, home activities
|
|
|
What can you not life with recovery from electrophysiology studies?
|
cannot life over 7 pounds (not even milk)
|
|
|
What are some potential complications of a electrophysiology study?
|
bleeding (site, internal hematoma, artery tear), late dye reaction, peripheral complication
|
|
|
What may lower back pain after an electrophysiology study show?
|
can be a retroperitoneal bleed
|
|
|
What do you do with a stent
|
place it in and want epithelium to stick and grow around smoothly so you give Plavix
|
|
|
CPK level M and F
|
Male 55-170
Female 30-135 |
|
|
What is specific to myocardial muscle?
|
CPK MB
|
|
|
What is the rise adn fall of CPK MB
|
over 3 days; begins to rise at 3-6 hours and a peark in 12-24 hours after chest pain; return to normal 12-48 hours
|
|
|
What is normal myoglobin
|
less than 90 mcg/L
|
|
|
What does myoglobin indicate?
|
skeletal and cardiac muscle
|
|
|
What is Troponin T
|
less than 0.02 ng/mL
|
|
|
What is more specific for cardiac injuray than CK-mb?
|
Troponin T and I
|
|
|
How long do T levels (Tr-T) remain elevated
|
10-14 days
|
|
|
What is level for Troponin I
|
less than 0.03 ng/mL
|
|
|
How long do Tr-I levels remain elevated?
|
7-10 days
|
|
|
What is the levels of homocysteine?
|
4-14 micromols/L
|
|
|
What is thought to be an independent risk factor for CVD and you must fast for 10-12 hours before draw?
|
Homocysteine
|
|
|
What is the level of C-reactive protein?
|
less than 1 mg/dl or less than 10 mg/L
|
|
|
What is an inflammatory marker believed to be related to response in an MI
|
C-reactive protein
|
|
|
What is normal PT
|
11-12.5 critical is above 20
|
|
|
What is normal INR
|
1.0
|
|
|
What is PTT
|
60-70 critical over 100
|
|
|
What is APTT
|
30-40 critical over 70
|
