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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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COPD
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irreversible condition associated with dyspnea and reduced airflow
includes: chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, and asthma |
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Causes of COPD
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smoking, environment, genetics
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Nursing management and interventions COPD
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improve gas exchange, remove bronchial secretions, CPT, postural drainage, increase fluids, prevent infections, flu and pneumonia shots, aerosol therapy, albuterol nebulizers, oxygen
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What is stimulus for breathing for COPD
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hypoxia
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Medications for COPD
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Bronchodilators: PO, SQ, IV, inhaled
Corticosteroids: PO, IV, inhaled |
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Side effects of bronchodilators
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tachycardia, cardiac arrythmias, CNS excitation, N and V
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Side effects of corticosteroids
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hyperglycemia, CNS changes, HTN, masks infections, increased risk for infection, osteoarthritis, increases Sodium and Water retention
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emphysema
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abnormal distension of air spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles with destruction of the walls of alveoli
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Panlobular emphysema
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pink puffer
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Centrilobular emphysema
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blue bloater
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Diagnostics for emphysema
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Pulmonary Function Tests**
decreased forced expiratory volume, prolonged expiration decreased maximum voluntary ventilation decreased forced vital capacity increased total lung capacity increased residual volume |
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Diagnostics for emphysema
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chest xray
shows: enlarged thoracic cage, flattened diaphragm, elongated and narrow cardiac silhouette |
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therapeutic interventions for emphysema
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maximize quality of life, minimize complications
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Lung cancer types
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squamous cell, oat cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell
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Most lung cancer is ____ before diagnosis?
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metastasized
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Diagnostics for emphysema
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Pulmonary Function Tests**
decreased forced expiratory volume, prolonged expiration decreased maximum voluntary ventilation decreased forced vital capacity increased total lung capacity increased residual volume |
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Diagnostics for emphysema
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chest xray
shows: enlarged thoracic cage, flattened diaphragm, elongated and narrow cardiac silhouette |
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therapeutic interventions for emphysema
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maximize quality of life, minimize complications
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Lung cancer types
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squamous cell, oat cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell
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Most lung cancer is ____ before diagnosis?
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metastasized
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Most lung cancer can be prevented by?
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not smoking
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Manifestations of lung cancer in early stages
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asymptomatic during early stages
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Manifestations of lung cancer as tumor grows
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persistent cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, dyspnea, wheezing, recurrent pneumonia, weight loss, fatigue and anorexia
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Manifestations of lung cancer with metastasis
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bone pain, jaundice, headaches
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Diagnostics for lung cancer
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CXR, Chest CT, cytological exam (2 ways), bronchoscopy, bone scan, liver scan, head CT
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Diagnostics for emphysema
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Pulmonary Function Tests**
decreased forced expiratory volume, prolonged expiration decreased maximum voluntary ventilation decreased forced vital capacity increased total lung capacity increased residual volume |
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Diagnostics for emphysema
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chest xray
shows: enlarged thoracic cage, flattened diaphragm, elongated and narrow cardiac silhouette |
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therapeutic interventions for emphysema
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maximize quality of life, minimize complications
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Lung cancer types
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squamous cell, oat cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell
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Most lung cancer is ____ before diagnosis?
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metastasized
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Most lung cancer can be prevented by?
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not smoking
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Manifestations of lung cancer in early stages
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asymptomatic during early stages
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Manifestations of lung cancer as tumor grows
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persistent cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, dyspnea, wheezing, recurrent pneumonia, weight loss, fatigue and anorexia
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Manifestations of lung cancer with metastasis
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bone pain, jaundice, headaches
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Diagnostics for lung cancer
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CXR, Chest CT, cytological exam (2 ways), bronchoscopy, bone scan, liver scan, head CT
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Non-small cell interventions
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cancer is managed with surgery, chemo and/or radiation therapy
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Small cell cancer interventions
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managed with chemo and radiation (poor prognosis)
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Complications of lung cancer surgery
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DVT, pneumonia, infection, impaired gas exchange
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complications of lung cancer chemo
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N/V, anemia, renal failure, thrombocytopenia, lier damage, CHF, SIADH, peripheral neuropathy, diarrhea, myelosuppression
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Complication of lung cancer radiation
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fatigue, skin reactions, esophagitis, pneumonitis, hair loss
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Larynx cancer
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possibly curable if found early
more common in African Americans |
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What causes larynx cancer?
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carcinogens: combination of smoking and drinking, history of heartburn
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What makes up larynx
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supraglottis, glottis, subglottis
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Diagnostics larynx cancer
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history and exam, CXR and barium swallow, MRI, laryngoscopy, pandendoscopy (views larynx, espophagus, trachea, and bronchi)
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Treatment of larynx cancer
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radiation and surgery, sometimes chemo, partial laryngectomy, total laryngectomy, radical neck dissection
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Partial laryngectomy
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preserves voice
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Total larygectomy
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patient has permanent tracheal stoma (most common)
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Radical neck dissection
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lymph nodes, epiglottis, and sternocleidomastoid muscle also removed
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Post op care laryngectomy
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maintain airway, remove secretions, relieve pain, communication, monitor complications, esophageal speech, electronic larynx, TEP
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What are some complications for post op larygectomy
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bleeding, infection, respiratory complications
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