Adult 1 Final - Musculoskeletal

Front 1

Open fractures (compound )

Back 1

allows for bacteria to enter the injured area which increases the risk of complications. Tx incl surgical debridement/irrigation, tetanus, Abx, immobilization.

Front 2

fat embolism - s/sx

Back 2

complication of a long bone fracture. Fat globules lodge in the pulmonary or peripheral circulation. Characterized by neurologic dysfunction, pulmonary insufficiency, petechial rash on the chest, axillla, and upper arms.

Front 3

fat embolism - tx

Back 3

Early stabilization of long bone fractures is preventative for FES. Corticosteroids may be given to decrease the inflammatory response of lung tissues, stabilize lipid membranes and reduce bronchospasm.

Front 4

Neurovascular assessments

Back 4

checking the distal area of the affected area because concerned with lack of pulse, temperature and if capillary refill is diminished. As well as color, movement and sensation.

Front 5

ORIF

Back 5

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation. Surgical procedure where the fracture is reduced (placed in correct anatomic alignment) and nails, screws, plates or pins are inserted to hold the bones in place.

Front 6

ORIF - priority ND

Back 6

Risk for infection

Front 7

Osteoarthritis - Tx/NI

Back 7

Priority intervention is the manage pain usually with NSAIDs. Must also monitor for GI bleeds and gastritis with high doses of NSAIDs

Front 8

Osteoporosis - modifiable RF

Back 8

low estrogen, low testosterone, dietary (low calcium intake and vit D def.), meds (corticosteroids, some anticonvulsants), lifestyle (inactivity, smoking, ETOH)

Front 9

Osteoporosis - non-modifiable RF

Back 9

older age, family Hx of OP, Hx of fractures, female (esp. Caucasian/Asian), thin and/or small frame

Front 10

Fracture - Tx

Back 10

before a fractured bone is stabilized for healing, the fracture is reduced or restored to its normal alignment. Cast placed. Closed-reduced by external manipulation, Open reduction via surgery where bone is exposed and realigned with screws/nails to maintain position.

Front 11

Repetitive Strain Injuries- S/Sx

Back 11

Carpel tunnel - numbness/tingling of the thumb, index/middle fingers, pain interferes with sleep, affected hand becomes weak and unable to perform activities that require precision. Bursitis and Epicondylitis are other RSIs.

Front 12

Repetitive Strain Injuries- mgmt

Back 12

immobilize and rest the involved joint. Splint and ice area. Surgery for pt that

Front 13

Injury prevention

Back 13

wearing helmets, stretching, anything that promotes health.

Front 14

Sprain - Tx

Back 14

RICE - rest, ice, compression and elevation

Front 15

Casts

Back 15

NI-neurovascular checks, palpate for hotspots, report increased pain, change in neuro or drainage. Pt ed. - casts dries from inside out, Nothing in the cast, warm sensation is normal while drying; keep clean and dry, Do not use finger tips if still wet...use palms of hand.

Front 16

Post Hip Surgery

Back 16

Assist pt with ambulation (walker, cane). Look for ways for safe mobility.

Front 17

carpel tunnel syndrome

Back 17

Narrowing of the tunned/canal where flexor tendons and the median nerve pass from the wrist to the hand. The compression of the nerve is a result of inflammation and swelling of the synovial lining of the tendon sheaths.

Front 18

Calcium rich foods

Back 18

dairy products, canned salmon, sardines, broccoli, spinach and tofu. Vit D needed to help w/ absorption.

Front 19

pathological fractures

Back 19

aka stress fractures, caused by a disease that has weakened the bone.

Front 20

Osteoporosis - mgmt

Back 20

Use weight bearing exercises.

Front 21

Lupus

Back 21

s/sx- butterfly rash, joint pain, pericarditis, Inflammatory disease of connective tissue. Multiple systems are involved. Women are mostly affected. Genetic disposition.

Front 22

Lupus - Tx

Back 22

ASA, NSAIDs, Plaquenil, Corticosteroids, Immunosuppressive drugs, pronestyl

Front 23

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Back 23

usually effect women, there are remissions and exacerbations; cause unknown; systemic manifestations incl. fatigue, weakness, anorexia, wt loss, fever, anemia. Typically affects joints bilaterally.

Front 24

Dexascan

Back 24

used to dx bone mineral density or bone mass.

Front 25

Paget’s Disease

Back 25

progressive metabolic skeletal disorder that results from localized excessive metabolic activity in bone, with excessive bone resorption followed by excessive bone formation. S/Sx pain, deformity, pathologic fractures, compression fx, muscle weakness, hearing loss, demential, spinal cord injuries, pain, bladder/bowel dysf.; heart failure

Front 26

skeletal vs skin traction

Back 26

skin traction is noninvasive, pulling force thru the pts skin. Most common is Buck’s traction (boot or tape used). Skeletal traction pulling force is applied thru pins inserted to the bone. Allows more wt to be used to maintain proper traction. Risk for infection is greater.

Front 27

amputation - open/guillotine

Back 27

performed when infection is present. wound is left open to drain. when infection is no longer present the wound is surgically closed.

Front 28

amputation - closed

Back 28

wound is closed with a flap of skin that is sutured in place over the stump.