Adrenergic Transmission From Goodman & Gilmans Ch. 6 (Dr. William Messer's Class)

Front 1

What is tyrosine converted into after it enters the neuron?

Back 1

L-DOPA

Hint 1

T adpoles

Front 2

How is tyrosine converted into L-DOPA?

Back 2

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Hint 2

T adpoles

Front 3

What is L-DOPA converted into?

Back 3

Dopamine

Hint 3

t A dpoles

Front 4

How is L-DOPA converted to dopamine?

Back 4

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase

Hint 4

t A dpoles

Front 5

After L-DOPA conversion to dopamine, what happens to dopamine, and how does it do this?

Back 5

It enters storage vessicles via Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT-2)

Hint 5

Floormats

Front 6

What is dopamine converted into?

Back 6

Norepinephrine

Hint 6

ta D poles

Front 7

How is dopamine converted into norepinephrine?

Back 7

Dopamine-b-hydroxylase

Hint 7

ta D poles

Front 8

What is norepinephrine converted into?

Back 8

Epinephrine

Hint 8

tad P oles

Front 9

How is norepinephrine converted into epinephrine?

Back 9

Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase

Hint 9

tad P oles

Front 10

What does Reserpine do?

Back 10

It decreases dopamine transport into neuronal vessicles?

Hint 10

Floormat

Front 11

How does Reserpine perform its actions?

Back 11

It inhibits Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT-2)

Hint 11

Floormat

Front 12

What two actions does cocaine have?

Back 12

It decreases dopamine and norepinephrine transport into neurons.

Front 13

How does cocaine perform its actions?

Back 13

It inhibits neuronal dopamine and norepinephrine transmitters.

Front 14

What notable neurotransmitters and enzymes do vesicles contain?

Back 14

Norepinephrine, ATP, neuropeptide Y, and the enzyme is dopamine-b-hydroxylase.

Front 15

What type of compounds regulate synthesis of enzymes involved in adrenergic transmission?

Back 15

Glucocorticoids

Front 16

Which enzymes do glucocorticoids help to increase synthesis?

Back 16

tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-b-hydroxylase, and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase

Front 17

What secretes glucocorticoids and in response to what?

Back 17

The adrenal medulla secretes glucocorticoids in response to stress

Front 18

Norepinephrine release is similar to the release of what other neurotransmitter?

Back 18

Acetylcholine

Front 19

What is the release of Norepinephrine dependent upon?

Back 19

Calcium

Front 20

What types of proteins regulate exocytosis of vesicles?

Back 20

synaptic proteins: vesicles contain SNARES that bind to SNAPS which lead to the exocytosis of the vesicle.

Front 21

What are the receptors that help to regulate norepinephrine release?

Back 21

Presynaptic receptors such as NPY2 and P1 receptors

Front 22

What are two ways adrenergic transmission is terminated?

Back 22

Transport and Metabolism

Front 23

What enzymes are involved in the metabolism that terminates adrenergic transmission?

Back 23

monoamine oxidase, Catechol-o-methyltransferase, and sulfotransferases

Front 24

Where is monoamine oxidase located?

Back 24

in the mitochondria of a cell

Front 25

What compound does MAO convert norepinephrine and epineprhine into?

Back 25

3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-glycoaldehyde (DOPGAL)

Front 26

What compound does MAO convert normetanephrine and metanephrine into?

Back 26

MOPGAL

Front 27

What enzyme converts norepinephrine and epinephrine into normetanephrine and metanephrine?

Back 27

Catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT)

Front 28

What is true about ALL adrenergic receptors?

Back 28

All adrenergic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors

Front 29

What compounds do a1 receptors activate?

Back 29

Phospholipase C and protein kinase C

Front 30

What family of G proteins do the a1 receptors couple with?

Back 30

Gq/11

Front 31

What functions occur as a result of a2 receptors?

Back 31

inhibition of adenylyl cyclase which inhibits cAMP formation which leads to K+ channels opening.

Front 32

What family of G proteins to the a2 receptors couple with?

Back 32

Gi/o

Front 33

What effects do b receptors have?

Back 33

stimulate adenylyl cyclase, which promotes cAMP formation, activate protein kinase A and increase Ca channel conductance

Front 34

What family of G proteins do b receptors couple with?

Back 34

Gs

Front 35

What effects do norepineprhine, Isoproterenol, and Epinephrine have on smooth muscle contraction?

Back 35

Depending on the muscle tissue, Norepinephrine and epineprhine both stimulated and inhibited smooth muscle contraction. Isoproterenol had the opposite mode of action of norepinephrine.

Front 36

What type of responses were a and b receptors designated for?

Back 36

a receptors were designated for excitatory responses, while b receptors were designated for inhibitory responses

Front 37

Name an antagonist for an a receptor

Back 37

phenoxybenzamine

Front 38

Name an antagonist for a b receptor

Back 38

propranolol

Front 39

Where are b1, b2, and b3 receptors found?

Back 39

b1 receptors are found in the myocardium, b2 receptors are in smooth muscle, and b3 receptors are in adipose tissue

Front 40

Which compound, norepinephrine or epineprhine, is more powerful in b1 receptors?

Back 40

both are equally potent

Front 41

Which compound, norepinephrine or epineprhine, is more powerful in b2 receptors?

Back 41

Epinephrine

Front 42

Which compound, norepinephrine or epineprhine, is more powerful in b3 receptors?

Back 42

Norepinephrine

Front 43

Does propranolol have a lower or higher affinity for b3 receptors?

Back 43

lower

Front 44

What response (excitatory or inhibitory) do a1 receptors have in smooth muscle?

Back 44

excitatory

Front 45

What response (excitatory or inhibitory) do a2 presynaptic receptors have?

Back 45

inhibitory

Front 46

What are two selective a1 agonists?

Back 46

phenylephrine and methoxamine

Front 47

What is a selective a2 agonist?

Back 47

Clonidine

Front 48

How many transmembrane domains do adrenergic receptors have?

Back 48

7