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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the systemic effects of Epinephrine? |
Increased HR, SV, CO, SBP. Decreased DBP. Increase in PP. Bronchodilation, cutaneous vasoconstriction. Relaxation of sphincter tonus. Decreases TPR |
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What are the systemic effects of Norepinephrine? |
Increased HR, SV, CO, SBP and DBP. Increased MAP, but no change in PP. Peripheral vasoconstriction. Relaxation of sphincters. Increase TPR
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What receptor does Epinephrine stimulate that Norepi can't? |
Beta-2 receptor |
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Isoproterenol: actions, clinical applications, adverse effects |
Beta selective agonist. Causes increase in HR, Increased SBP, but decreased DBP. Decreased MAP due to marked decrease in TPR. Used in asthma attacks and cardiac resuscitation. Adverse effects: Tachycardia, arrythmias |
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Phenylephrine: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Selective alpha-1 agonist. Causes increase in TPR. Increase in MAP, but no change in PP. Relaxes sphincters. Causes mydriasis without cycloplegia. Administered IV, orally, inhalant or topical. Half-life: 15-60 min. Used as nasal decongestant. Adverse effects: HT, MI, stroke |
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Oxymetazoline: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Selective alpha-2 agonist. Inhibits NE release in by presynaptic neuron. Used as nasal congestant. (Xylometazoline is active substance in Otrivin). Adverse effects: Addictive effect |
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Clonidine: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Selective alpha-2 agonist. Treatment of hypertension in patients with renal disease Taken orally. Adverse effect: Sedation, Xerostomia, decreased libido and Hypotension |
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Methyldopa: What is it? Its clinical application? Adverse reactions: |
A selective alpha-2 agonist. Drug of choice in pragnancy hypertension (preeclampsia) since it is not teratogenic. Adverseeffects: Sedation, dry mouth, decreased libido and orthostatic hypotension. |
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Dobutamine:Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Selective beta-1 agonist. Causes increased HR, SV and CO as well as increased Renin release. Used in heart failure and cardiac arrest |
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Albuterol (Salbutamol):Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Selective beta-2 agonist. Causes bronchodilation. Short-acting. Duration: 2-6 hours Used in acute bronchospams |
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Terbutaline: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Seletive beta-2 agonist. Causes bronchodilation. Short-acting, but longer half-life than albuterol. Used in acute bronchospasm and premature labour |
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Salmeterol: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Selective beta2 agonist. Causes bronchodilation. Used as Asthma prophylaxis in combination with corticosteroids. (e.g. Symbicort contains Budesonid and adrenergicum) |
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Dopamine: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Nonselective dopaminergic agonist. Causes Renal vasodilation. Used in shock to maintain renal blood flow. Administered IV |
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Fenoldopamine: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Selective D-1 agonist. Causes renal vasodilation. Used in shock to maintain renal blood flow. Administered IV |
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Phentolamine: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Competitive alpha-adrenergic antagonist. Causes vasodilation and decreased sympathetic effect. No longer used clinically. Adverse effects: Tachycardia and arrythmias |
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Phenoxybenzamine: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Non-competitive alpha-blocker. Drug of choice in treatment of pheochromocytoma. Administered orally. Short half-life, but duration is 24-48 hours. Adverse effects: Orthostatic hypotension., reflex tachycardia and GI irritation. |
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Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Competitive alpha-1 blocker. Used in treatment of hypertension and BPH. Administered Orally. Duration: 8-24 h depending on drug. Adverse effects: Orthostatic hypotension. May cause reflex tachycardia. |
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Tamsulosin: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Competitive alpha-1 blocker to receptors present in prostate. Only used in BPH. Administered orally. Adverse effects: Orthostatic hypotension. May cause reflex tachycardia. |
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Name important beta-blockers used in treatment of heart failure |
Carvedilol, Bisprolol, Nebivolol, Metoprolol |
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Labetalol: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Betablocker with alpha blocking effects as well. Used in hypertension in pregnancy |
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Carvedilol: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Beta-, and alpha-blocker. Used in Angina Pectoris, Essential HT and Heart failure. Half-life: 7-10 hours Adverse effects: Anemia, hypotension, bronchitis |
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Propranolol: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Beta-blocker. Used in AP, Arrhythmias, Hypertension, thyrotoxicosis, tremor, stage fright and migraine. Administered orally and IV. Duration: 4-6 hours. Ready entry to CNS Adverse effects: Excessive beta blockade - Bronchospasm, AV-block, Sedation, lethargy |
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Sotalol: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Beta-blocker. Used in treatment of ventricular and supraventricular tachycardias Administered orally. Half-life: 10-17 h |
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Timolol: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Beta-blocker. used in treatment of Glaucoma. Administered topically. Half-life 4-5 h |
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Atenolol: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Competitive beta-1 blocker. Used in treatment of HT, angina and arrhythmias. Administered orally. Duration: 6-9 hours Adverse effects: excessive beta-blockade, but less danger of bronchospasm |
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Bisoprolol: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Competitive beta-1 blocker Used in treatment of heart failure, HT, Angina. Administered orally. Half-life: 10-12 h Adverse effects: AV-block, bradycardia |
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Esmolol: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Competitive beta-1 blocker. Used as agent for preoperative and thyroid storm arrhythmias. Usef for quick control of atrial fibrillation. Administered IV. Half-life: 10 min |
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Nebivolol: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
competitive beta-1 blocker with additional vasodilating action via NO synthesis. Shown to reduce mortality in heart failure. |
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Metoprolol: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical application and adverse effects |
Competitive beta-1 blocker. Shown to reduce mortality in heart failure. Also used in treatment of hypertension and Angina. Taken orally. Half-life: 3-4 h. |
