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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Does Epinephrine stimulate alpha and/or beta receptors?
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- beta at LOW doses (vasodilation)
- alpha at HIGH doses (vasoconstriction) |
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Stimulation of alpha 1 receptors produces what effects?
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- vasoconstriction
- increased BP - mydriasis |
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Stimulation of beta 1 receptors produces what effects?
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- increased myocardial contractility
- increased HR - increased CO |
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Does Norepinephrine stimulate alpha and/or beta receptors?
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- mainly alpha
- some beta 1 |
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Stimulation of beta 2 adrenoreceptors produces what effects?
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- vasodilation
- bronchodilation |
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Which conditions can epinephrine be used to manage?
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- acute asthma
- open angle glaucoma - anaphylactic shock |
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What are positive INOTROPIC effects?
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Increased STRENGTH of contractility
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What are positive CHRONOTROPIC effects?
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Increased RATE of contractility.
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What are the major actions of Norepinephrine?
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- vasoconstriction
- increased BP |
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What condition can Norepinephrine be used to treat?
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Shock
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What are the direct-acting adrenergic agonists?
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- Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
- Isoproterenol - Dopamine - Dobutamine - Phenylephrine - Methoxamine - Clonidine - Metaproterenol - Terbutaline - Albuterol |
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Does Isoproterenol stimulate alpha and/or beta receptors?
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Non-selectively stimulates BETA receptors.
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What are the major actions of Isoproterenol?
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- positive inotropic and chronotropic
- increased CO - bronchodilation |
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Which direct-acting adrenergic agonists stimulates both beta 1 and dopaminergic receptors?
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Dopamine
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What are the major actions of low doses of Dopamine?
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- positive inotropic and chronotropic
- dilates renal and splanchnic arterioles |
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What are the major actions of Dopamine at high doses?
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Vasoconstriction (activates alpha 1 at high doses)
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Which conditions can Dopamine be used to treat?
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- Shock
- congestive heart failure |
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Which direct-acting adrenergic agonists stimulate alpha 1 receptors?
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- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine - Dopamine (at high doses) - Phenylephrine - Methoxamine |
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Which direct-acting adrenergic agonists stimulate alpha 2 receptors?
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- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine - Clonidine |
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Which direct-acting adrenergic agonists stimulate beta 1 receptors?
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- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine (mostly alpha) - Isoproterenol - Dopamine - Dobutamine - Metaproterenol |
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Which direct-acting adrenergic agonists stimulate beta 2 receptors?
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- Epinephrine
- Isoproterenol - Metaproterenol - Terbutaline - Albuterol |
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What type of receptor does Dobutamine stimulate?
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Beta 1
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Dobutamine can be used to treat which condition?
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Congestive heart failure
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Phenylephrine can be used to treat which conditions?
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- nasal congestion
- arrhythmia |
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What type of receptor does Phenylephrine stimulate?
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Alpha 1
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What type of receptor does Methoxamine stimulate?
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Alpha 1
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Which direct-acting adrenergic agonist can be used to treat hypertension?
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Clonidine
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What type of receptor does Clonidine stimulate?
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Alpha 2
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Metaproterenol, Terbutaline, and Albuterol are all used in the treatment of which condition?
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Asthma and bronchospasm
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What are the indirect-acting adrenergic agonists?
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- Amphetamine
- Tyramine |
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What are the mixed-action adrenergic agonists?
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- Ephedrine
- Metaraminol |
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What types of receptors do Amphetamine, Tyramine, and Ephedrine stimulate?
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- alpha
- beta - CNS |
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How do the indirect-acting adrenergic agonists work to stimulate adrenoreceptors?
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Cause release of catecholamine stores
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Which mixed-action adrenergic agonist can be used to improve motor function in Myesthenia Gravis?
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Ephedrine
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How does cocaine work to increased blood pressure and heart rate?
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Inhibits the re-uptake of adrenergic agonists.
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What are some side effects of adrenergic agonists?
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- nausea
- hypertension - arrhythmias |
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Stimulation of alpha 2 receptors causes what effect?
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Inhibition of norepinephrine release (norepinephrine can cause vasoconstriction)
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What are the main differences between catecholamines and non-catecholamines?
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Catecholamines: rapid inactivation, poor CNS penetration
Non-catecholamines: longer half-life, better CNS penetration |
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What agent can be used to reverse dilation by phenylephrine?
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Dapiprazole (Rev-eyes)
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Hydroxyamphetamine can be used to test for _____________ Horner's syndrome.
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post-ganglionic
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What is the major clinical use for Apraclonidine?
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lowering of IOP by aqueous suppression
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What are the disadvantages/adverse effects of apraclonidine?
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tachyphylaxis
dry mouth and nose syncope eyelid retraction mydriasis conjunctival blanching |
