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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The zona glomerulosa of the Adrenal Cortex produces the mineralcorticoid __________ that helps regulate sodium and water retention and potassium excretion at the distal tubule of the nephron.
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Aldosterone
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The zona fasiculata produces a glucocorticoid called _________.
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Cortisol
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When ________ becomes elevated, blood glucose level rise. This can cause diabetes.
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Cortisol
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The zona reticularis normally produces small amounts of the sex hormones __________, such as DHEA, androsterone, and testosterone. Excessive secretion causes _________ in females.
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Androgens
masculinization |
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When the zona fasiculata of the adrenal cortex produces too much ________, a person develops cushing's syndrome.
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Cortisol
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When a person's zona fasiculata of the adrenal cortex does not produce enough corticosteroids such as cortisol, a person develops _________ syndrome.
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Addison's
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_______ syndrome can be caused from excess corticosteroids (predominate), mineralcorticoids, or Androgens.
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Cushings
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When someone develops Cushing's syndrome due to too much corticosteroids such as cortisol, they develop _______ obesity, _______ face, and a _______ hump. They have transient weight gain, glucose _______ due to cortisol induced insulin resistance.
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truncal
moon buffalo intolerance |
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Individuals with Cushing's syndrome due to too many corticosteroids develop thin fragile skin that develops purple striae and capillary fragitility. This is referred to as ______ ______.
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Cushing's striae
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Due to the increased amounts of corticosteroids, people with Cushings have ____ and poor ______ healing.
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acne
wound |
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Due to the catabolic effects of cortisol on peripheral tissue, people with Cushing's syndrome have _______ ______. This causes muscle wasting, osteoporosis, and kyphosis.
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Protein wasting
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Mentally, people with Cushing's syndrome due to too many corticosteroids, can experience, _______, _______, and _____.
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insomnia,irritability, and psychosis
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Patient's with Cushing's disease due to excessive Androgen production experience _______ in men and _______ in women. They can also develop hypertension, and hypokalemia.
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feminization
Virilization |
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The ________ suppression test is the most widely used to diagnose Cushings disease. __ mg is given orally at 11pm and plasma cortisol levels are drawn at 8 am.
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Dexamethasone
1mg |
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A 24 hour urine is done to check for free cortisol to diagnose Cushings syndrome. ___-___ mcg in 24 hours indicates Cushing's syndrome.
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50-100
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___________ is the number one nursing diagnosis associated wth Cushing's disease.
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Risk for infection
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________ disease occurs due to the adrenal cortex hypofunctioning. This causes glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and Androgens to be reduced. It is usually an _______ disorder.
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Addison's
Autoimmune |
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In Addison's disease, decreased amounts of cortisol cause ________. Decreased amounts of Aldosterone cause _______ and ________, and ________. A decrease in ________ result in a loss of all body, axillary, and pubic hair
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Hypoglycemia
Hyperkalemia hyponatremia hypovolemia Androgens |
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Clinical manifestations do not occur until 90% of andrenal cortex is destroyed in Addison's disease. Always watch for a ______ in blood pressure. What are some other predominant sign's and symptoms?
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decrease (hypotension)
Progressive weakness, anorexia, weight loss, skin hyperpigmentation, nausea, vommiting and salt craving |
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In Addison's disease, ________ are given if hypotension persist. _________ is given IV initially along with fluid replacement, but stopped if adrenal cortex begins to function again.
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Vasopressors
Hydrocortisone |
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What are the clinical manifestations of an Addisonian crisis?
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Hypotension, especially postural
Weakness, Tachycardia, dehydration, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, fever, hypoglycemia, confusion |
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In an Addisonian crisis, hypotension can lead to shock and circulatory collapse that is unresponsive to the normal treatment. IV _____ ______ is the drug of choice given for this.
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Soluf Cortef
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To test for Addison's disease you should test for subnormal levels of ________. To do this they do an _______ stimulation test. _______ is produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the adrenal gland to produce cortisol. A positive test indicates a functioning adrenal gland, not Addison's.
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cortisol
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic) ACTH |
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Patients with Addison's disease are given the glucocorticoid, __________ in two divided doses. 2/3 are given in the am and 1/3 in the pm. The mineralcorticoid, ________, is given once in the morning. These doses reflect normal circadian rhythms.
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hydrocortisone
Florinef |
