Adp 3-05 Special Operations

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ADP 3-05

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Special Operations

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What personnel and units are considered Army Special Operations Forces?

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Civil Affairs, Military Information Support operations, Rangers, Special Forces, Special Mission Units, and Army special operations aviation forces assigned to the United States Army Special Operations Command

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What are Special Operations?

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operations requiring unique modes of employment, tactical techniques, equipment, and training often conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments

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How are Special Operations usually characterized

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time sensitive, clandestine, low visibility, conducted with and/or through indigenous forces, requiring regional expertise, and/or a high degree of risk

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the factors for employment of Special Operations forces

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national policy, geographic combatant commander, joint force commander, or ambassador requirements; the character of the operational environment; as well as the nature of the threat

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the percent that the Army’s Special Operations Forces supply to Department of Defense

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over 50%

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total percentage of Special Operations Forces in the Army

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about 5%

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two Special Operations critical capabilities

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Surgical strike and Special Warfare

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Surgical strike

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primarily unilateral, scalable direct action capability that is employed in counterterrorism, counterproliferation, hostage rescue, kill/capture operations against designated targets, and other specialized tasks of strategic importance

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Special Warfare

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provides a capability that achieves impact largely by working with and through others to assess and moderate behavior, address local conditions, and/or build indigenous warfighting capability, typically in long-duration campaigns

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How is Special Warfare employed?

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unconventional warfare, counterinsurgency, foreign internal defense, security force assistance, stability operations, and select intelligence activities

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Special Operations forces can provide a supporting role in major combat operations by providing what to the Joint Force Commander?

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a means to identify and engage selected high-payoff targets or conduct sabotage, subversion, influence, or intelligence activities in the enemy’s sanctuary, rear area, or homeland

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What functions can Special Operations Forces provide outside designated theaters of war?

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can shape potential operational environments by working with host nation or friendly indigenous forces to assist with conflict avoidance

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three lines of effort that guide the development and employment of Special Operations?

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generating a force with a purpose, sustained engagement, and executing operations across the spectrum of lethality

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Why are Special Operations Forces frequently used in diplomatically sensitive missions?

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special operations can provide a discreet, precise, politically astute, and scalable capability

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Joint Operations Phases

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shape, deter, seize initiative, dominate, stabilize, enable civil authority

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Which Joint Operational Phases do Special Operational Forces focus on preventing conflict?

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Shape and Deter

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During Shape and Deter, what do Army Special Operations Forces focus on?

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assessment, shaping, active deterrence, and influence activities

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What is Special Warfare?

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the execution of activities that involve a combination of lethal and nonlethal actions taken by a specially trained and educated force that has a deep understanding of cultures and foreign language, proficiency in small-unit tactics, and the ability to build and fight alongside indigenous combat formations in a permissive, uncertain, or hostile environment

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Unconventional Warfare

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activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area

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Foreign Internal Defense

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participation by civilian and military agencies of a government in any of the action programs taken by another government or other designated organization to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security

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What is Surgical Strike?

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the execution of activities in a precise manner that employ special operations forces in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover or damage designated targets, or
influence threats

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Activities included in a Surgical Strike?

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actions against critical operational or strategic targets; which include counter-proliferation actions, counter-terrorism actions, and hostage rescue and recovery operations

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Counter-proliferation Actions

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actions that prevent the threat and/or use of weapons of mass destruction against the United States, its forces, allies, and partners

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Counter-terrorism actions

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actions taken directly and indirectly against terrorist networks influence and render global and regional environments inhospitable to terrorist networks

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Hostage rescue and recovery operations

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operations, which are sensitive crisis response missions

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Special Operations Core Principles

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discreet, precise, and scalable operations