Adolescent Psychology Chapter 1

Front 1

A period of the life course between the time puberty beginsand the time adult status is approached, when young people arein the process of preparing to take on the roles and responsibilities ofadulthood in their culture

Back 1

adolescence

Front 2

Late 19th century group, led by G. Stanley Hall,that advocated research on child and adolescent development and theimprovement of conditions for children and adolescents in the family,school, and workplace

Back 2

child study movement

Front 3

A set of beliefs asserting that it is important for persons to mute their individual desires in order to contribute to the well-beingand success of the group

Back 3

collectivism

Front 4

Written statement provided by a researcher to potentialparticipants in a study, informing them of who is conducting the study,the purposes of the study, and what their participation would involve,including potential risks.

Back 4

consent form

Front 5

Questionnaire format that entails choosing from specific responses provided for each question.

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closed question

Front 6

In experimental research, the group that does not receive the treatment.

Back 6

control group

Front 7

A correlation is a predictable relationshipbetween two variables, such that knowing one of the variables makes itpossible to predict the other. However, just because two variables arecorrelated does not mean that one causes the other.

Back 7

correlation versus causation

Front 8

Hindu belief that people are born into a particular castebased on their moral and spiritual conduct in their previous life. A person’scaste then determines their status in Indian society.

Back 8

caste system

Front 9

Countries that are passed through a period of industrialization and are now based mainly on services (such as law, banking, sales, and accounting) and information (such as computer-related companies).

Back 9

developed countries

Front 10

Countries that are becoming industrialized

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developing countries

Front 11

Twins with about half their genotype in common,the same as for other siblings. Also known as fraternal twins.

Back 11

dizygotic (DZ) twins

Front 12

Period from roughly ages 18 to 25 in industrialized countries during which young people become more independent fromparents and explore various life possibilities before making enduringcommitments.

Back 12

emerging adulthood

Front 13

Period of human development lasting from about age 10 to about age 14.

Back 13

early adolescence

Front 14

Research in which scholars spend a considerableamountoftimeamongthepeopletheywishtostudy,usuallylivingamongthem.

Back 14

ethnographic research

Front 15

A book that presents an anthropologist’s observations ofwhat life is like in a particular culture.

Back 15

ethnography

Front 16

A research method that entails assigningparticipants randomly to an experimental group that received a treatmentand a control group that does not receive the treatment, thencomparing the two groups in a posttest.

Back 16

experimental research method

Front 17

In experimental research, the group that receivesthe treatment.

Back 17

experimental group

Front 18

Confucian belief, common in many Asian societies, thatchildren are obligated to respect, obey, and revere their parents, especiallythe father.

Back 18

filial piety

Front 19

Characteristic of a sample that refers to the degree towhich findings based on the sample can be used to make accurate statementsabout the population of interest.

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generalizable

Front 20

Increasing worldwide technological and economic integration,whichismaking different parts of the world increasingly connectedand increasingly similar culturally.

Back 20

globalization

Front 21

Ideas, based on theory or previous research, that a scholarwishes to test in a scientific study

Back 21

hypotheses

Front 22

Cultural belief system that emphasizes the desirability ofindependence, self-sufficiency, and self-expression.

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individualism

Front 23

Standard procedure in social scientific studies thatentails informing potential participants of what their participationwould involve, including any possible risks.

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informed consent

Front 24

Research method that involves asking people questions ina conversational format, such that people’s answers are in their ownwords.

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interview

Front 25

Programs intended to change the attitudes and/or behaviorof the participants.

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interventions

Front 26

Reference to Lamarck’s ideas, popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, that evolution takes place as a result of accumulatedexperience such that organisms pass on their characteristics from one generation to the next in the form of memories and acquired characteristics.

Back 26

Lamarckian

Front 27

Period of human development lasting from about age 15 to about age 18.

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late adolescence

Front 28

A study in which data is collected from the participantson more than one occasion.

Back 28

longitudinal study

Front 29

A scientific strategy for collecting data.

Back 29

method

Front 30

Twins with exactly the same genotype. Also known as identical twins.

Back 30

monozygotic (MZ) twins

Front 31

A girl’s first menstrual period.

Back 31

menarche

Front 32

A situation that occurs naturally but that providesinteresting scientific information to the perceptive observer.

Back 32

natural experment

Front 33

Questionnaire format that involves writing in responseto each question.

Back 33

open-ended question

Front 34

Standards for the way a study is conducted. Includes informedconsentandcertainrulesforavoidingbiasesinthedatacollection.

Back 34

procedure

Front 35

The entire group of people of interest in a study.

Back 35

population

Front 36

Data that is collected in non-numerical form, usually in interviewsor observations.

Back 36

qualitative

Front 37

Data that is collected in numerical form, usually on questionnaires.

Back 37

quantative

Front 38

Now-discredited theory that held that the developmentof each individual recapitulates the evolutionary development of thehuman species as a whole.

Back 38

recapitulation

Front 39

Sampling technique in which the people selected forparticipation in a study are chosen randomly, meaning that no one inthe population has a better or worse chance of being selected than anyoneelse

Back 39

random sample

Front 40

Characteristic of a sample that refers to the degree towhich it accurately represents the population of interest.

Back 40

representative

Front 41

Overcoming adverse environmental circumstances to achieve healthy development.

Back 41

resilience

Front 42

Characteristic of a measure that refers to the extent to whichresults of the measure on one occasion are similar to results of the measureon a separate occasion.

Back 42

reliability

Front 43

A group of people who interact in the course of sharing a common geographical area.

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society

Front 44

Social class, which includes educational level, income level, and occupational status

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socioeconomic status (SES)

Front 45

Theory promoted by G. Stanley Hall asserting that adolescenceisinevitablyatimeofmooddisruptions,conflictwithparents,andantisocial behavior.

Back 45

storm and stress

Front 46

A questionnaire study that involves asking a large number ofpeople questions about their opinions, beliefs, or behavior.

Back 46

survey

Front 47

Sampling technique in which researchers select participantssothatvariouscategoriesofpeoplearerepresentedinproportionsequal to their presence in the population.

Back 47

stratified sampling

Front 48

A systematic way of finding the answers to questionsor problems that includes standards of sampling, procedure, and measures.

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scientific method

Front 49

The people included in a given study, who are intended to representthe population of interest.

Back 49

sample

Front 50

A culture that has maintained a way of life based on stable traditions passed from one generation to the next.

Back 50

traditional culture

Front 51

The truthfulness of a measure, that is, the extent to which itmeasures what it claims to measure.

Back 51

validity

Front 52

When a scholarly article or book is evaluated by a scholar’s peers (i.e., other scholars) for scientific credibility and importance.

Back 52

peer reviewed

Front 53

A period in their late teens and 20s in which young people from the 16th to the 19th century engaged in domestic service, farm service, or apprenticeships in various trades and crafts.

Back 53

life-cycle service

Front 54

The majority culture in each of the countries, but each country also has cultural groups that do not share the characteristics of the majority culture and may even be in opposition to it.

Back 54

the West

Front 55

Shorthand to refer to adolescents and emerging adults together.

Back 55

young people

Front 56

Having an identity that includes aspects of two different cultures.

Back 56

bicultural

Front 57

Cultural belief in the absolute authority of the father over his wife and children.

Back 57

patriarchal authority

Front 58

The mostly White, middle-class majority in American society.

Back 58

the American majority culture

Front 59

The total pattern of a group’s customs, beliefs, art, and technology. Thus, a culture is a group’s common way of life, passed on from one generation to the next.

Back 59

culture