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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Individualism
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valuing independence, self-reliance, individual achievement, and self-expression
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collectivism
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valuing interdependence, cooperation, group success, and harmonious relationships
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morality
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the development of standards of right and wrong
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preconventional moral reasoning
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Kohlberg's first level of moral reasoning, characterized by the absence of internalized standards
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conventional moral reasoning
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Kohlberg's second level of moral reasoning, in which moral thinking is guided by internalized social standards
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post conventional moral reasoning
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Kohlberg's third level of moral reasoning, in which moral thinking is guided by self-derived principles
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random error
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unexplained and unsystematic variability
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test of significance
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a statistical procedure for determining whether group differences are due to random error or can be attributed to the variable being studied
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ethic of care
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Gilligan's description of a morality based on responsiveness to and care for others
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meta-analysis
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a statistical procedure for reaching conclusions regarding an area of research by combining the findings from multiple studies
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religious identiy
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an awareness of belonging to a religious group
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alienation
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indifference where devotion or attachment formerly existed; estrangement
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maltreatment
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instances of harm to children or adolescents that are nonaccidental and avoidable; they can be due to either abuse or neglect
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parentified
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a reversal in the parent-child relationship in which the burden of caring for the parent's needs is assumed by the adolescent
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juvenile delinquency
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illegal actions committed by a minor
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index offenses
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actions that are criminal at any age, for example, homicide, burglary
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status offenses
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actions that are illegal when engaged in by minors but legal for adults, for example, truancy, drinking alcohol.
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drug dependence
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physical dependence on a substgance, such that one develops a tolerance and experiences withdrawal when use is discontinued; also known as drug addiction
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psychoactive
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a drug that alters mood
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alcohol
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a drug that funcionts as a central nervous system depressant
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nicotine
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the psychoactive substance in cigarettes that is both a stimulant a and a depressant
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marijuana
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a mild hallucinogen from the plant Cannais sativa; the psychoactice substance is THC
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gateway hypothesis
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the assumption that drug use progresses through states in progresses through stages in which the use of one type of drug proveds a pathway to the use of other drugs
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bulimia
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an eating disorder characgterized by ningeing and then purging; more common in females
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anorexia
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an eating disorder characterized by severly limiting the intake of food; more common in females
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overweight
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individuals are considereed to be overweight when their wieight is above the 95th percentile fortheir body mass index
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affective disorders
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disorders whose primary symptoms reflect a distaurbance of mood, such as depression
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depression
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an affective disorder that may take a number of forms, all of which are characterized by a disturbance of mood
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major depressive disorder
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a period of severe depression requiring hospitalization or other treatment
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dysthymia
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a form of depression in which the primary symptoms are unhappiness and dissatisfaction with life, often not traceable to particular events
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adjustment disorder with depressed mood
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a form of depression, for example, manifest in difficulty carrying out ordinary tasks of life and unsatisfactory social relations
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masked depression
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depression that manifests itself in ways other than depressed mood, for example, agitation, inablity to sleep.
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