Adolescence Chp 1

Front 1

The time of first menstruation, one of the most important changes to occur among females during puberty.

Back 1

menarche

Front 2

The system of the body that produces, circulates, and regulates hormones.

Back 2

endocrine

Front 3

Highly specialized substances secreted by one or more endocrine glands.

Back 3

hormones

Front 4

Organs that stimulate particular parts of the body to respond in specific ways to particular hormones.

Back 4

glands

Front 5

Specialized neurons that are activated by certain pubertal hormones.

Back 5

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons

Front 6

A physiological level or setting (e.g., of a specific hormone) that the body attempts to maintain through a self-regulating system.

Back 6

set point

Front 7

A cycle through which two or more bodily functions respond to and regulate each other,such as that formed by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland and the gonads.

Back 7

feedback loop

Front 8

One of the chief glands, responsible for regulating levels of hormones in the body.

Back 8

pituitary gland

Front 9

A lower part of the brain stem that controls the functioning of the pituitary gland.

Back 9

hypothalamus

Front 10

The glands that secrete sex hormones; in males, the testes; in females, the ovaries

Back 10

gonads

Front 11

The neurophysiological pathway that involves the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads.

Back 11

HPG (hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal) axis

Front 12

A class of sex hormones secreted by the gonads, found in both sexes, but in higher levels among males than females following puberty.

Back 12

androgens

Front 13

A class of sex hormones secreted by the gonads, found in both sexes, but in higher levels among females than males following puberty.

Back 13

estrogens

Front 14

The maturation of the adrenal glands that takes place during adolescence.

Back 14

adrenarche

Front 15

A hormone produced when we are exposed to stress.

Back 15

cortisol

Front 16

A protien produced by the fat cells that may play a role in the onset of puberty.

Back 16

leptin

Front 17

The process through which early exposure to hormones, especially prenatatlly, organizes the brain or organs in anticipation of later changes in behavior or patterns of growth.

Back 17

organizational role (of hormones)

Front 18

The process through which changes in hormone levels, especially at puberty, stimulate changes in the adolescents behavior, appearance, or growth.

Back 18

activational role (of hormones)

Front 19

The dramatic increase in height and weight that occurs during puberty.

Back 19

adolescent growth spurt

Front 20

The point at which the adolescent is growing most rapidly.

Back 20

park height velocity

Front 21

The closing of the ends of the bones, which terminates growth after the adolescent growth spurt has been completed.

Back 21

epiphysis

Front 22

A widely used system used to describe the five stages of pubertal development.

Back 22

Tanner stages

Front 23

A class of chemicals secreted by animals that stimulate certain behaviors in other members of the species.

Back 23

pheromones

Front 24

The tendency, over the past two centuries, for individuals to be larger in stature and to reach puberty earlier, primarily because of improvements in health and nutrition.

Back 24

secular trend

Front 25

A study that compares two or more groups of individuals at one point in time.

Back 25

cross-sectional study

Front 26

A study that follows the same group of individuals over time.

Back 26

longitudinal study

Front 27

A pattern of sleep characterized by later sleep and wake times, which usually emerges during puberty.

Back 27

delayed phase preference

Front 28

A hormone secreted by the brain that contibutes to sleepiness.

Back 28

melatonin

Front 29

The minimal amount of energy used by the body during a resting state.

Back 29

basal metabolism rate

Front 30

A measure of an individuals body fat, the ratio of weight to height; used to gauge overweight and obesity

Back 30

body mass index (BMI)

Front 31

Mild, moderate, or severe disturbance in eating habits and attitudes

Back 31

disordered eating

Front 32

An eating disorder found primarily among young women, characterized by a pattern of binge eating and self induced vomiting

Back 32

bulimia

Front 33

An eating disorder found chiefly among young women, characterized by dramatic and severe self induced weight loss

Back 33

anorexia nervosa

Front 34

A field of study and health care devoted to understanding the health care needs of individuals during the second decade of life

Back 34

adolescent health care

Front 35

Behaviors that place individuals at risk for health problemas

Back 35

health-compromising behaviors

Front 36

Behaviors that lessen individuals risk for health problems or that increase well being

Back 36

health-enhancing behaviors

Front 37

A relatively new approach to the delivery of health care services to adolescents that places health care providers in offices located in or adjacent to schools

Back 37

school - based health centers