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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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IQ
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The intelligence quotient. A numerical scale measuring level of intelligence. For example, to compute an IQ score, mental age is divided by chronological age, and multiplied by 100.
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"g"
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General intelligence/intellectual factor.
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Qualitative differences
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(in cognition) Diference in "kind"of "type of thought shown by a person.
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Assimilation
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Process during which a person modifies his or her external world to fit into the already existing cognitive schemas of the person.
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Accommodation
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Process during which a person modifies his or her cognitive schemas to conform with new information in the external world.
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Equilibration
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Process of reaching a balanced relationship between assimilation and accommodation
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Reproductive assimilation
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When a person initially tries to deal with new information by treating it as something he or she already knows.
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Egocentrism
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When the person is centered on his or her own cognitive structure/s and unable to differentiate between one's own point of view and the views of others; when there is more concern with the perspective of the subject than with the actual details of the object.
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Disequilibration
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Cognitive process that occurs when our cognitive schemas are not in an agreement with one another, when there is an imbalance between assimilation and accommodation.
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Formal operational thought
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Fourth stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, when a person attaing the ability to see that reality and his or her thoughts about reality are different, and when the person can generate and recognize hypotheses about reality.
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INRC grouping
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Cognitive structure that characterizes formal operations and implies that all solutions to a problem may be obtained through the application of four components: identity, negation, reciprocity, and correlation.
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Identity transformation
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Process of approaching a problem by recognizing the problem by recognizing the problem in terms of its singular attributes.
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Negation operation
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Process of approaching a problem by canceling the existence of the problem.
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Reciprocal transformation
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Process of approaching a problem by considering nd taking its opposite.
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Correlative transformation
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Process of thinking of all aspects of a problem by relating them to other problems.
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Condition reasonging
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Type of deductive reasoning, characterized by "if p, the q" statements.
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Deductive reasoning
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Type of reasoning that begins with a set of statements used to infer if another statement is valid.
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Inductive reasoning
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When reasoning inductively we use our observation and experiences to draw conclusions about the general truth of a particular statement.
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Falsification strategies
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Proving one's ideas by trying to identify information that would disconfirm these ideas.
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Centration
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In Piaget's theory, a focus n one's own point of view, which involves therefore a lack of balance between assimilation and accommodation.
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Imaginary audience
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When adolescents become preoccupied with self, they come to believe that others are as preoccupied with their appearance and behavior as they are.
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Personal fabole
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Belief that one is a unique, one-of-a-kind individual; the idea that one is a singular person having singular feelings and thoughts.
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Social cognition
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Thinking about interpersonal relationships and the social world.
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Adolescent egocentrism
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Term introduces by Elkind in 1967 to label problems in adolescents' thoughts; the belief that others are preoccupied with them nd that they are unique individuals.
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