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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Angiogram
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X-ray record of a blood vessel.
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Angioplasty
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Surgical repair of a blood vessel.
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Anoxia
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Lack of oxygen in body tissues.
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Aorta
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Largest artery in the body.
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Aortic stenosis
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Narrowing of the aorta.
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Arrhythmia
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Without rhythm; an irregular beat of the heart.
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Arterial anastomosis
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Surgical connection between two arteries.
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Arteriography
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X-ray recording of arteries; contrast is injected.
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Arteriole
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Small artery.
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Arteriosclerosis
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Hardening of an artery with collection of fatty plaque.
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Artery
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Largest type of blood vessel.
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Atherectomy
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Removal of plaque (lipids and clots) that accumulate in the lining of an artery.
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Atheroma
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Mass of fatty plaque that collects in an artery.
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Atherosclerosis
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Form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty plaque deposits in the interior lining of an artery.
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Atrial
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Pertaining to an atrium (upper chamber of the heart).
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Atrioventricular bundle
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Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting impulses between them; bundle of His.
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Atrioventricular node
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Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the sino-atrial node (pacemaker) through the atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) toward the ventricles.
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Atrium, atria
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Upper chamber of the heart.
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Brachial artery
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Artery that carries blood to the arm.
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Bradycardia
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Slow heartbeat.
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Bundle of His
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Atrioventricular bundle.
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Capillary
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Smallest blood vessel.
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Carbon dioxide
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Gas released by body cells and carried by veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation; CO2.
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Cardiogenic shock
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Shock that results from failure of the heart in its pumping action.
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Cardiomegaly
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Enlargement of the heart.
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Cardiomyopathy
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Disease of heart muscle.
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Coronary arteries
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Branches of the aorta bringing oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
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Deoxygenated blood
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Blood that is oxygen-poor.
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Electrocardiogram
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Record of the electricity flowing through the heart.
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Hypercholesterolemia
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High levels of cholesterol in the blood.
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Interventricular septum
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Wall between the ventricles of the heart.
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Mitral valvulitis
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Inflammation of the mitral valve.
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Myxoma
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Rare neoplasm of connective tissue found in the heart muscle.
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Normal sinus rhythm
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Heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node.
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Oxygen
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A gas that enters the body through the lungs and travels to the heart to be distributed by arterial blood to all parts of the body.
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Pacemaker
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Specialized nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium; it begins the heartbeat; sinoatrial node.
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Pericardiocentesis
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Surgical puncture to remove fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart.
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Pericardium
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Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.
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Phlebotomy
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Incision into a vein.
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Pulmonary artery
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Blood vessel carrying oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.
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Pulmonary circulation
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Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart.
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Pulmonary valve
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A valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
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Pulmonary vein
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One of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
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Pulse
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Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries.
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Septum, septa
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Wall or partition. The interatrial septum lies between the atria of the heart and the interventricular septum is between the ventricles of the heart.
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Sinoatrial node
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Sensitive nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium; pacemaker of the heart.
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Sphygmomanometer
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Instrument to measure blood pressure.
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Stethoscope
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Instrument for listening to sounds in the chest.
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Systemic circulation
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Flow of blood from body tissues to the heart and from the heart back to the tissues.
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Systole
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Contraction phase of the heartbeat.
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Tachycardia
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Rapid heartbeat.
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Thrombolysis
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Destruction of a clot.
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Thrombophlebitis
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Inflammation of a vein and formation of a clot within the vein.
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Tricuspid valve
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A valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
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Valve
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Structure in a vein or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in the proper direction.
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Valvotomy
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Incision of a valve.
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Valvuloplasty
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Surgical repair of a valve.
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Vascular
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Pertaining to a blood vessel.
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Vasoconstriction
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Narrowing of a blood vessel.
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Vasodilation
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Widening of a blood vessel; vasodilatation.
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Vein
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Thin-walled blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood from body tissues back to the heart.
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Vena cava, venae cavae
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Largest vein in the body. The venae cavae (inferior and superior) return blood to the heart from the body tissues.
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Venipuncture
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Incision of a vein to remove blood.
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Venous
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Pertaining to a vein.
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Ventricle
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One of two lower chambers of the heart.
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Venule
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Small vein.
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ACE inhibitor
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Drug that causes dilation of blood vessels and lowers blood pressure, prevents heart attacks, strokes, and congestive heart failure. ACE stands for angiotensin-converting enzyme, which normally constricts blood vessels.
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Acute coronary syndromes
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Consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries; unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack).
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Aneurysm
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Local widening or ballooning out of a small area of an artery.
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Angina
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Chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia.
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Angiography
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X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material.
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Atrioventricular block
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Failure of conduction of impulses from the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle and ventricles of the heart.
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Atrial fibrillation
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Electrical impulses move randomly throughout the atria, causing the atria to quiver instead of contracting with a normal rhythm.
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Auscultation
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Use of a stethoscope to listen for sounds emanating from the heart or other organs.
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Beta-blocker
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Drug used to treat high blood pressure and control heart rate.
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Bruit
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An abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard on auscultation of an artery or an organ.
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Calcium channel blocker
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Drug used to treat chest pain (angina) and high blood pressure (hypertension).
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Cardiac arrest
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Sudden, unexpected stoppage of the heart; sudden cardiac death.
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Cardiac biomarkers
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Chemicals that are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack. Examples are creatine kinase (CK), troponin-I (cTnI), and troponin T (cTnT).
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Cardiac catheterization
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Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery and after contrast material is introduced, blood pressure is measured, and x-rays taken to image patterns of blood flow.
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Coarctation of the aorta
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Congenital anomaly in which a portion of the aorta near the heart is narrowed or stenosed.
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Computerized tomography
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X-ray images are combined with computerized tomography
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angiography
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to produce a three-dimensional picture of the heart and blood vessels.
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Congenital heart disease
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Structural heart defects that appear at birth.
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Congestive heart failure
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Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood.
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Coronary artery disease
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Arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become clogged and blocked with deposits of fatty material and cholesterol (plaque).
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Coronary artery bypass
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Arteries or veins are grafted onto coronary arteries to
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Defibrillation
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Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias.
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Digoxin
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Drug that increases the strength and regularity of the heartbeat.
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Doppler ultrasound
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Method of focusing sound waves on blood vessels to measure blood flow.
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Echocardiography
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High-energy sound waves are transmitted into the chest and images recorded of valves, chambers, surfaces and movement of the heart.
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Electrocardiography
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Process of recording the electricity flowing through the heart.
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Electron beam computed
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Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and
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tomography
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around coronary arteries to diagnose early coronary artery disease.
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Endarterectomy
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Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery.
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Endocarditis
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Inflammation of the endocardium (inner lining of the heart).
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Extracorporeal circulation
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Use of a heart-lung machine to divert blood from the heart and lungs during open heart surgery.
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Fibrillation
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Random, rapid, inefficient, irregular contractions of the atria or ventricles.
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Flutter
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Rapid, but regular contractions of the heart, usually of the atria.
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Heart transplantation
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Donor heart is transferred to a recipient.
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Hemorrhoids
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Swollen, twisted veins in the rectal and anal region.
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Holter monitoring
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Compact version of an electrocardiograph is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias.
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Hypertension
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High blood pressure.
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Implantable cardioverter-
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Small electric device implanted inside the chest (near the
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defibrillator
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collarbone) to sense arrhythmias and terminate them to restore normal sinus rhythm.
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Infarction
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Area of dead tissue.
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Ischemia
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Holding back blood to an region of the body. Myocardial ischemia is deprivation of blood to the heart muscle.
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Left ventricular assist device
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Booster pump implanted in the abdomen with a tube inserted into the left ventricle. An LVAD is a “bridge to transplant” or destination therapy when heart transplantation is impossible.
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Lipoprotein electrophoresis
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Lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated in a blood sample. Examples of lipoproteins are HDL (high density lipoprotein) and LDL (low density lipoprotein).
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Mitral stenosis
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Narrowing of the mitral valve.
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Mitral valve prolapse
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Abnormal closure of the mitral valve so that blood refluxes backward into the left atrium during ventricular contraction.
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Murmur
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Extra sound heard between normal beats during auscultation of the heart.
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Myocardial infarction
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Area of dead (necrotic) tissue in the heart muscle; heart attack.
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Nitroglycerin
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Drug used in the treatment of angina (pectoris). It dilates coronary arteries so that more blood flows to heart muscle.
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Occlusion
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Blockage or closure of a vessel or tube.
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Palpitations
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Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as skipped beats.
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Patent ductus arteriosus
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The ductus arteriosus, a small duct that is open during fetal circulation, fails to close at birth.
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Percutaneous coronary
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A catheter with a balloon and stent is inserted into a
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intervention
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coronary artery to remove collections of plaque. Drug-eluting stents release chemicals to keep debris and plaque from recollecting.
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Peripheral arterial disease
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Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs..
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Petechiae
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Small pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin.
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Positron emission
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Images show blood flow and myocardial function
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Rheumatic heart disease
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Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever.
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Technetium 99m sestamibi
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Uptake of a radioactive chemical (technetium 99m
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