Administering Med

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Tolerance

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point at which a person is not willing to accept pain of greater severity or duration.

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Synergy

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the working together of two things (muscles or drugs for example) to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects

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Idiosyncratic reaction

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individual sensitivity to effects of a drug caused by inherited or other bodily constitution factors.

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Bio availability

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The amount of drug which reaches the site of physiological activity after administration

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absorption

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refers to passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration.

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4. Excretion

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medication exit body through kidneys, liver, bowel, lungs, and exocrine glands.
Most drugs and their metabolites are excreted by the kidneys through the urine
some oral medications are not easily absorbed from the GI Tract, therefore are excreted in the feces.

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3. Metabolism:

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aggregate of all chemical processes after med reaches its site of action, it becomes metabolized, bio transformation occurs when enzymes detoxify ( remove toxic qualities), degrade (break down) and remove biological active chemicals. most occurs within the liver.

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2. Distribution

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distributed within the body to tissues and organs and ultimately to its specific site of action.
-circulation, membrane permeability, protein binding.

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Drug half life:

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time it takes body to eliminate half of blood concentration level of original dose

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Onset

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time it takes body to respond to drug

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Peak

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Highest blood concentration of single drug dose.

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Plateau

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maintained blood concentration level. Roles in Med Administration

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Kefauver-Harris Act 1962

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"Drug Efficacy Amendment" is a 1962 amendment to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Authorized FDA to supervise Med. production to ensure safety and efficacy and to establish official med names; specified greater controls on investigation med.

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Harrison Narcotic Act 1914

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legally classified med believed to be habit forming as narcotics, regulated importation, manufacture, sale, and use narcotic substances.

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Controlled Substance Act 1970

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places all substances which were in some manner regulated under existing federal law into one of five schedules. This placement is based upon the substance's medical use, potential for abuse, and safety or dependence liability. The Act also provides a mechanism for substances to be controlled, or added to a schedule; decontrolled, or removed from control; and rescheduled or transferred from one schedule to another.