Adlerian Therapy-Ind. Counseling Theories

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The Adlerian view of human nature

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-humans are motivated by social interest, by striving toward goals, and by dealing with the tasks of life
-people have the capacity to interpret, influence, and to create events

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Key concepts of Adlerian therapy include:

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-understanding individual's from their subjective realities
-unity of personality
-the purposeful nature of human behavior
-the family constellation
-striving for significance and superiority
-imp. of dev. a unique lifestyle

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Subjective reality is:

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-the individual's perceptions, thoughts, feelings, values, beliefs, convictions, and conclusions

-more important in understanding individuals than objective realities

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Personality can only be understood:

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-holistically and systematically
-ind. is seen as an indivisible whole, born, reared, and living in specific familial, social, and cultural contexts

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A cornerstone of Adlerian theory is:

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-the purposeful nature of human behavior
-a basic assumption is that we can only think, feel, and act in relation to our perception of our goals

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Striving for significance and superiority means

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-people counter feelings of inferiority with the need to seek mastery ("superiority") and by striving for perfection

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The unique ways in which people develop a style of striving for competence is what constitutes:

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individuality

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What is an individual's "lifestyle"?

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-an individual's core beliefs and assumptions through which the person organizes his or her reality and finds meaning in life events
-a.k.a. "plan of life", "style of life", "life movement", "road map for life", "strategy for living"
-it is the characteristic way in which we move toward our life goal

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It is our ____________ of events rather than our ___________ of events that are the decisive factors that shape personality.

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-interpretations
-actual experiences

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We must successfully master these three universal life tasks:

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1. building friendships (social task)
2. establishing intimacy (love-marriage task)
3. contributing to society (occupational task)

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Anxiety results when this is not fulfilled:

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-our sense of belonging

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Actual birth order itself is less important than _________.

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-one's interpretation of his or her place in the family

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The 5 psychological birth order positions identified by Adler are:

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1. Oldest
2. Second of only two
3. Middle
4. Youngest
5. Only

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The oldest child:

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-tends to be dependable and hard-working
-strives to keep ahead
-once received a good deal of attention only to lose it when another sibling arrives
-may feel he/she is no longer unique or special

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The second child:

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-shares attention with another child from the time of his/her birth
-typically behaves as if she were in a race and is generally under full steam at all times
-engages in competition with the older sibling that can influence later life
-is often opposite to the firstborn

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The middle child:

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-often feels squeezed out
-may feel life is unfair and feel cheated
-may assume a "poor me" attitude and can become a problem child

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The youngest child:

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-tend to be most pampered
-tend to go their own way, they often develop in ways no others in the family have thought about

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The only child:

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-shares a high achievement drive with the oldest child
-may not learn to share or cooperate easily with others
-learns how to relate best with adults
-often pampered, may become dependently tied to one or both parents
-may want to have center stage all the time and if her position is challenged may feel it is unfair

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Working with what assumes a key role in Adlerian therapy?

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-family dynamics, especially relationships among siblings

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Therapeutic goals in Adlerian Therapy include:

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-to challenge clients' basic premises and life goals: identifying, exploring, and disclosing mistaken goals and faulty assumptions
-to offer encouragement so individuals can develop socially useful goals

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The main aim of Adlerian Therapy is:

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-to develop the clients sense of belonging and to assist in the adoption of behaviors and processes characterized by community feeling and social interest

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The view of clients who seek therapy is:

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-that clients are discouraged vs. "sick" or needing to be "cured"
-symptoms are attempted solutions to the problems clients are experiencing

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The counseling process in Adlerian therapy focuses on:

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-providing information
-teaching
-guiding
-offering encouragement

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Goals for the educational process of Adlerian Therapy are:

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-fostering social interest
-helping clients overcome feelings of discouragement & inferiority
-modifying clients' views and goals (changing their lifestyle)
-changing faulty motivation
-assisting clients to feel a sense of equality with others
-helping people to become contributing members of society