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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the core features of ADHD? |
Inattention Lack of persistence in activities requiring concentration Excessive activity Impulsivity - danger prone, poor peer relationships |
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What are the compulsory clinical features???? |
Apparent before age 5 Inappropriate behaviour for given age Pervasive (Home and School) Worse symptoms in the afternoon Often present with co-morbidities |
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Difference in diagnosis between ICM-10 and DSM-V? |
DSM only require one of above symptoms ICM = hyperkinetic disorder, pervasive and impairing symptoms |
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What are the different types of ADHD? |
1) Attention deficit: Selected attention Sustained attention 2) Motor hyperactivity/psychomotor agitation 3) Impulsivity - inappropriate filtering of info |
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Increased DA transmission in brain = ? |
Increased signal to DA pathways = Focus |
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Increased NA transmission in brain = ? |
Increased signal to frontal/limbic system Dampens noise, executive operations, increases inhibition |
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Genetic aetiology of ADHD? |
75% high degree of variability (So many chromosomes) Prime numbers works Dopamine receptors - 4 & 5 Dopamine transporter overactivity Serotonin - Receptors etc = Emotional volatility |
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Other risk factors for ADHD? |
Mother Intrauterine - smoking, drinking Premature birth - early trauma Environmental toxins |
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List some structural abnormalities in an ADHD brain |
Smaller Frontal/parietal brain volume Smaller Basal ganglia Smaller Cerebellar Vermis |
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List some functional abnormalities |
Dec activity in PFC and cingulate gyrus PFC can't distinguish between important signals and background noise Reduced inhibitory control Selective attention |
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One last time, DA and NA are normally responsible for what in the brain? And what's their problem in ADHD? |
DA: focus - Impulsivity, dec levels leads to symptoms of inattention NA: Arousal, mood, attention - Dec levels lead to lack thereof |
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So I'll help out, there are two types of treatment for ADHD Psycho-stimulants and non stimulants Tell me their names and MOA |
Methylphenidate - Blocks DA transporter Dexamphetamine - Release of DA from pre synaptic vesicles + blocks DA transporter Lisdexamphetamine - only thing need to know - pro-drug, less susceptible to abuse Atomexitine - Blocks reabsorption of NA in synapse, thereby increasing NA transmission in PFC |
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Side effects of the various drugs? Ritalin Amphetamine Atomexitine |
Ritalin - Decreased appetite, Hypertension, Depression, Insomnia Amphetamine - Tachycardia, aggression, confusion, insomnia Atomexitine - Anorexia, Somnolence, GI symptoms |
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List three categories of non pharmacotherapy for ADHD |
Behavioural therapies - parent and teacher led Psychoeducation - school and home Lifestyle and diet - Zinc and Iron |
