Adenovirus And Poxvirus

Front 1

describe the replication cycle of poxvirus

Back 1

rupture of outer membrane exposes the inner membrane which is fusable, fusion with PM, capsid in the cytoplasm, wi capsid early txn has began, early mRNA encodes DNA pol, intermediate txn factors, and proteins for immune evasion and capsid uncoating. uncoating then intermediate txn which encodes late txn factors, and late txn encodes for structural proteins, everything happens in the cytoplasm, then envelopement probly in the ER, then release

Front 2

major pathogen of poxvirus?

Back 2

variola AKA small pox, "erradicated"

Front 3

entry and spread of variola?

Back 3

aerosal droplets, oral macs, day 3 in lymph and blood, one wk regional and draining lymph nodes, high fever, to liver, spleen, nodes, eye, skin, mucous, 2 wks oropharyngeal enanthem (contagious), day 16 skin exanthem

Front 4

complications of vaccination?

Back 4

gangrenosa in CMI compromised, eczema, rash, ocular vaccinia, postvaccinial encephalitis (fatal), possible association with development of myocarditis, pericarditis, heart attack (seen in recent military vaccinations)

Front 5

lab dx of variola?

Back 5

EM, PCR, ELISA

Front 6

treatment off variola?

Back 6

scarce, vaccination wi 4 days of exposure, cidovir in emergencies (used in CMV, destroys a glycoprotein needed for exit from the cell), experimental ST246, resistance will develop quickly to these drugs

Front 7

clinical differences in chickenpox versus small pox?

Back 7

fever with rash, pocks in several stages, rapid development, more pocks in core of body, no pocks on palms and soles, death is very uncommon

Front 8

describe molluscum contagiosum

Back 8

poxvirus member that is a human pathogen, grow waxy papules AKA water warts (squeeze white gunk out of them), seen on lower ab, pubic area, inner thighs, genitals, in adults it is an STD, mistaken for HSV-2, swimming pool outbreaks in children, spontaneous regression after 2 to 12 mos

Front 9

describe monkey pox (whitepox)

Back 9

zoonosis, Africa from squirrels or monkeys, some secondary human to human transmission, like smallpox clinically with 11% mortality, has been introduced in US via asn African rodent

Front 10

describe tanapox virus

Back 10

zoonosis, monkey, causes epidemics in Kenya, prodrome followed by smallpox like skin lesions

Front 11

what are the poxvirus zoonoses that are rare?

Back 11

yaba monkey tumor virus (animal handlers get histocytomas), cowpox, ORF (sheep) and pseudocowpox (cattle)

Front 12

adenovirus structure?

Back 12

non enveloped, icos, fibers from penton base, serotypes defined by hexon/penton base, linear ds DNA, covalently attached to TP (terminal protein)

Front 13

adenovirus lifecycle review?

Back 13

fibers mediate attachment to host cell via CAR receptor, endocytosis, uncoating, capsid to the nucleus, DNA in through the nuclear pore, txn and DNA replication, early tsln and late tsln, assembly in the nucleus, virus is released causing cell to lyse

Front 14

describe adenovirus entry and spread

Back 14

spread via respiratory droplets, mouth, nasopharynx, ocular conjunctiva are first sites of infection, primary infection of non ciliated resp epi, can go to lungs and GI, bladder infection indicates viremia, persistence (chronic shedding of it in asymptos), latency in adenoid and lymphoid cells

Front 15

epi of adenovirus.

Back 15

resistant to GI tract and drying and weak chlorine treatment, Sx like resp tract infection, transmission via resp droplets, feces, fomites, close contact, swimming pools, once infected with a serotype, immune to reinfection, WW, endemic epidemic sporadic, severe infections in immunocompros

Front 16

time course of adeno resp infections?

Back 16

up to 9 day incubation, contagious at day 4, mild Sx at first, day 9, virus in stool, fever and diarrhea, day 11 may get viremia, day 12 specefic antibody may help clear

Front 17

describe the respiratory disease caused by adenovirus.

Back 17

acute febril pharyngitis and pharyngoconjunctivitis. 5% of acute respiratory disease in children. Pneumonia if goes to lungs, estimated 10% of all causes of childhood pneumonia are induced by adenovirus infection. ARD seen in military training camps when they are fatigued

Front 18

describe the eye infections caused by adenovirus.

Back 18

sporadic acute follicular conjunctivitis (AFC). Most common eye infection, bulbar or palpebral preauricular lymphadenopathy, incubation period of 6 to 9 days, sporadic or from contact groups like kids in the pool. Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis has higher morbidity, potential for chronic/permanent visual impairment, ocular trauma predisposes the eye to infection

Front 19

besides respiratory and eye infections of adenovirus, describe the other types of infections that can occur

Back 19

GI - 40,41 adenovirus strain, diarrhea (2nd to rotavirus as major cause for infantile diarrhea). Acute hemorrhagic cystitis seen in male kids, urinary frequency, bladder pain, hematuria. Myocarditis: role of adenovirus is unclear. Meningoencephalitis. if adenovirus is seen in meningoenceph or myocarditis, they are probly not the causes of these diseases

Front 20

diagnosis of adenovirus.

Back 20

complement fixation assay (hexon protein as antigen) and PCR

Front 21

treatment and control of adenovirus?

Back 21

symptomatic and supportive care, vaccine is live non attenuated virus in tablets, used in military, problem is the virus is shed from the GI tract and can infect unimmunized. Vaccine currently discontinued due to production problems