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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the process when bacterial cells incorporate DNA from dead bacterial cells?
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Transformation
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What process is the one where DNA makes copies of itself?
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Replication
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What is the manufacture of proteins?
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Protein Synthesis
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What form of RNA carries the genetic instructions for protein production from the nucleus to ribosomes?
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Messenger RNA
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What form of RNA brings the right amino acids to the ribosome during protein production?
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Transfer RNA
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What type of RNA is part of the structure or ribosomes?
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Ribosomal RNA
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What's the tranfer of info from DNA to a strand of DNA called?
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Transcription
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What has 3 nitrogenous bases in RNA or DNA that codes for amino acids?
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Codon
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What is the assembly of a protein from the code provided by mRNA called?
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Translation
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What's the three bases pair codon that binds to be a complementary piece of mRNA during protein synthesis?
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Anticodon
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A group of genes with related functions is called?
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An operon
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What gene is in an operon that codes for protein production?
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Structural Gene
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What gene is one that promotes the movement of RNA polyremase onto the structural genes of an operon?
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Promoter gene
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What's the region of the DNA that acts as an on/off switch for an operon
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operator?
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What part of a gene continually makes a protein?
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Regulator
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What's an intervening sequence of RNA that isn't part of the code for a protein called?
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Intron
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What's the short sequence of DNA that isnt part of a code for a protein?
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Exon
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What is a change in the sequence of nucleotides within a gene called?
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Gene mutation
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What's the replacement of a single base pair in a gene called?
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Point mutation
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What's an enviromental factor that could cause genetic mutations called?
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Mutagen
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the process where bacteria are changed is called?
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bacterial transformation
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genetic material or certain viruses that infect and destroy are?
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phages or bacteriophages
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what bacteria attaches to a bacteriums surface and injects material into the cell and causes the substance to take over the cell?
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bacteriphages or phages
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In the cells of all organisms amounts of A & T and G & C are always is equal is who's rule?
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Chargaffs rule
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What information about the structure of DNA was provided by X-ray Crystallography?
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The x shape of a helix
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Who were the men that are credited with discovering the structure of DNA
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Watson and Crick
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Who first discovered DNA
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Fredric Mischer
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How many chromosomes do humans have?
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46 or 23
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What is the backbone of DNA made out of?
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nucleotides
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what are the three parts of nucleotides?
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Phosphate,sugar,and nitrogen bases
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What's an intervening sequence of RNA that isn't part of the code for a protein called?
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Intron
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What's the short sequence of DNA that isnt part of a code for a protein?
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Exon
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What is a change in the sequence of nucleotides within a gene called?
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Gene mutation
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What's the replacement of a single base pair in a gene called?
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Point mutation
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What's an enviromental factor that could cause genetic mutations called?
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Mutagen
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the process where bacteria are changed is called?
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bacterial transformation
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genetic material or certain viruses that infect and destroy are?
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phages or bacteriophages
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what bacteria attaches to a bacteriums surface and injects material into the cell and causes the substance to take over the cell?
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bacteriphages or phages
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In the cells of all organisms amounts of A & T and G & C are always is equal is who's rule?
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Chargaffs rule
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What information about the structure of DNA was provided by X-ray Crystallography?
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The x shape of a helix
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Who were the men that are credited with discovering the structure of DNA
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Watson and Crick
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Who first discovered DNA
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Fredric Mischer
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How many chromosomes do humans have?
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46 or 23
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What is the backbone of DNA made out of?
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nucleotides
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what are the three parts of nucleotides?
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Phosphate,sugar,and nitrogen bases
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What nitrogenous base contains A & G
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Purines
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What nitrogenous base contains T & C
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Pyridimines
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What does C turn into when DNA becomes RNA
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U
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How does DNA make RNA?
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Transcription
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The final code for making protein is
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Messenger RNA
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What delievers the correct amino acids to the anticodon for mRNA
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Transfer RNA
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What codes for making ribosomes?
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Ribosomal RNA
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When a DNA can absorb DNA from an outside source it's called
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transformation
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Muscles hormones enzymes & cell structures are all what?
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Protein Products
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What disease causes mucus in lungs and occurs mainly in caucasians?
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Cystic fibrosis
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What disease attacks red blood cells and occurs mainly in African Americans?
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Sickle Cell Anemia
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What disease attacks the nervous system and occurs mainly in Jewish people?
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Tay-Sachs Disease
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What disease causes poor brain development during childhood?
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Phenylketonuria
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What disease causes failure of blood to clot and is sex linked?
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Hemophilia
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What disease causes older people to loose their memory?
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Huntington Disease
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What disease causes the deterioation of mucles?
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Muscular Dystrophy
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If dna is coiled tightly and wont express itself it's called
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DNA coiling
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What reads the triple codon during transcription
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ribosome
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What determines what protein is produced from amino acids?
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type order and sequence
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In transcription what is a recognition site for the RNA?
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promoter gene
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When enough amino acids are made during gene expression what do they do?
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Line up with the repressor
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When the amino acids line up with the repressor during gene expression what turns off?
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The operator
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What does the operator do when the amino acids are used up?
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turns on
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deletion duplication inversion and translocation are what type of mutation?
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chromosome
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what can stimulate a gene
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hormones and enviromental factors
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What is the begining amino acid?
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AUG(Methionine)
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Amino acids hold what together?
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Peptides
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Transformation is significant because
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It picks up new genes to adapt and evolve
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Dna make what?
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mRNA
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How does DNA make mRNA?
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transcription
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mRNA consists of
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triple codons
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What reads triple codons and orders tRNA?
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ribosomes
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tRNA has what?
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the anticodon to mRNA
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the anticodon to mRNA brings what to the specific protein?
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amino acids
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the anticodon to mrna tbrings the correct amino acid to link up and form a specific what?
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protein
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how many different amino acids are there?
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20
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what do protein regulators do?
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regulate the operator
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deletion and addition are what type of mutation?
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frameshift mutation
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during translation each triple codon on the mrna codes for a(an) what?
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amino acid
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mrna is read by what?
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a ribosome
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when do gene mutations most often occur?
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during DNA replication
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What are some results of gene mutations
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disorders in the orgainism's metabolism,structure,or death
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if a point mutation occurs what may or may not be correctly added to a protein?
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amino acids
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where do gene mutations occur on DNA?
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in genes that control growth and differentiation
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