Addictions

Front 1

light microscope

Back 1

lenses and light rays to produce an image that the human eye can see

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electron microscope

Back 2

use magnetic lenses and electrons to produce an image that is projected onto film or a computer screen that humans view

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1 meter equals...

Back 3

1 billion nanometers

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micrometer equals...

Back 4

1 millionth of a meter

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organelle

Back 5

performs specific job required by cell

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nucleus

Back 6

spherical structure that houses DNA and serves as the cells control center

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how many membranes surround nucleus?

Back 7

two--called nuclear envelope

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nuclear pores

Back 8

regulate "traffic" in and out of the cell

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chromatin

Back 9

composed of DNA and protiens

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nucleolus

Back 10

where ribosomes are made

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nucleoplasm

Back 11

fluid inside nucleus

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cytosol

Back 12

watery matrix containing salts and many of the enzymes required for cellular reactions

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what surrounds organelles?

Back 13

cytosol

Front 14

cytoplasm

Back 14

includes cytosol and organelles

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mitochondria

Back 15

energy harvesting organelles surrounded by 2 membranes

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what carries protiens involved in ATP?

Back 16

mitochondria

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lysosome

Back 17

membrane enclosed sac of enzymes that degrade protiens, carbs, and fats

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ribosome

Back 18

"work benches" where amino acids are joined together to produce protiens

Front 19

what are built in the nucleus and shipped out through nuclear pores?

Back 19

ribosomes

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endoplasmic reticulum

Back 20

large network of membranes that begins at the nuclear envelope and extends into the cytosol

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rough ER

Back 21

when ribosomes are attached to the ER

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rough ER synthesizes what?

Back 22

protiens

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smooth ER

Back 23

detoxifies harmful substances and synthesizes lipids

Front 24

golgi apparatus

Back 24

stack of membrane sacs

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vesicles

Back 25

membrane sacs-pinched off from the ER abd travel to fuse w/ the golgi appartus & empty their protein contents

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centrioles

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barrel-shaped structures composed of structural proteins called microtubules

Front 27

what facilitates chromosome movement during cell division?

Back 27

microtubules

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cytoskeleton

Back 28

network of filaments and tubules found in the cytoplasm that help cell maintain structure and help it move

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plasma membrane

Back 29

outermost boundary of cell in which it isolates the cell contents from the environment and serves as a barrier that determines that goes in and out of the cell

Front 30

phospholipid bilayer

Back 30

tails of phospholipids interact w/ themselves and exclude water while the heads maximize their exposure to water both inside and outside membrane

Front 31

glycolipids

Back 31

when carbohydrates are attached to PB

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diffusion

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movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration

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what does diffusion NOT require

Back 33

an input of outside energy

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passive transport

Back 34

when substance diffusion happens across the membrane

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what kind of molecules can do passive transport?

Back 35

very small, hydrophobic ones

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facilitated diffusion

Back 36

diffusion of molecules through protein channels

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what does FD NOT require?

Back 37

an input of outside energy

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osmosis

Back 38

the movement of water in response to a concentration gradient

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tonicity

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concentration of solute in a solution

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isotonic

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same concentration of solute outside as in inside the cell

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hypertonic

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higher concentration of solute outside than inside cell

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hypotonic

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lower concentration of solute outside than inside cell

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active transport

Back 43

transport that uses proteins powered by ATP to move substances up/against a concentration gradient

Front 44

exocytosis

Back 44

when membrane-bounded vesicle carrying some substance fuses w/ the plasma membrane and secretes its contents into exterior of the cell

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endocytosis

Back 45

when a substance is brought into the cell and the plasma membrane buds inward bringing the substance with it

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catalyze equals...

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speed up rate of reaction

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activation energy

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energy required to start the metabolic process

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substrates

Back 48

chemicals that are metabolized by an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

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active site

Back 49

the region of the enzyme where the substrate binds

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induced fit

Back 50

shape change by the enzyme in response to substrate binding

Front 51

carbon monoxide

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toxic gas that prevents blood cells from carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body

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half life of nicotine

Back 52

2-3 hours

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titration hypothesis

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smokers will adjust their amount of ciggs smoked in order to achieve a steady level of nicotine in their body

Front 54

Coronary heart disease (CHD)

Back 54

heart is damaged by the restriction of blood flow through narrowed or blocked coronary arteries

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arterosclerosis

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walls of arteries harden and lose their elasticity

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atherosclerosis

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fatty deposits inside arteries impede blood flow

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ischemic stroke

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reduction of blood flow causes damage to the brain

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sinsemilla

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marijuana obtained from unpollinated/seedless portion of cannabis plants (15%THC)

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hasish

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resin is scraped from cannabis leaves and then dried (24%THC)

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hasish oil/crystal

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boiling hash in alcohol and filtering alcohol out- leaving residue on leaves (15-60% THC)

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anadamide

Back 61

naturally occurring chemical in the brain that fits into the THC-sensitive receptor sites