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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Innate immunity and adaptive immunity have a close relationship in order to carefully defend you from pathogens. However, they play different roles in the process. What is a key feature of adaptive immunity?
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Its ability to recognize specific pathogens
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Blood is a medium of transportation for cells of the immune system. What percentage of circulating lymphocytes can be found in the peripheral blood?
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20-50%
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The spleen belongs to the secondary peripheral lymphoid organs and it is found in the upper left quadrant of the human abdomen. It also weights about 150 grams, a rather small organ. What is the function of the spleen?
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In addition to stimulating an immune response, it filters the blood to remove abnormal red cells and invading microorganisms
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The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins act as signposts that display fragmented pieces of an antigen on the host cell's surface. These antigens may be self or nonself. What action is taken if these antigens are recognized as self?
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No action is taken in healthy individuals
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There are two types of white blood cells that comprise the adaptive immune system. These cells can remember the microbes they encounter by recognizing very specific cell surface markers on those microbes. What are these cells?
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T-cells and B-cells
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A Y-shaped molecule composed of two identical light chains (short in the outer structure) and two identical heavy chains (long). They are extremely specific when biding to antigens. What is this molecule?
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B-cell receptor
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A lymphocyte is a critical component of our immune system. What is a Lymphocyte?
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A type of white blood cell
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During the cell developing process T and B cell clones that would respond to self-antigens are eliminated or suppressed. What is this proper procedure known as?
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Natural immunological tolerance
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Name one direct weapon used by microbes against the adaptive immune system.
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Antigen shifting
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What is the relationship between the circulatory system and the immune system?
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Cells of the immune system use the circulatory system as a medium to patrol the body
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Three elements that allow the adaptive immune system to be a successful protector are:
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Specificity, adaptiveness and memory
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Cells of the immune system undergo maturation, division, and differentiation in different organs. Where does further division take place?
Cells of the immune system undergo maturation, division, and differentiation in different organs. Where does further division take place? |
Secondary lymphoid organs
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The adaptive immune system uses various strategies to kill attacking microbes. Two of these mechanisms are cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity. What is cell-mediated immunity?
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Refers to macrophages engulfing antigens, and displaying parts of them on their surface
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There are two types of white blood cells that comprise the adaptive immune system. These cells can remember the microbes they encounter by recognizing very specific cell surface markers on those microbes. What are these cells?
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T-cells and B-cells
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Australian immunologist Frank Macfarlane Burnet developed a theory about cells of the immune system. It describes how the adaptive immune system is able to develop memory. What is the main concept of this theory?
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It describes the cloning of two types of lymphocytes, one clone combats infection immediately, while the other is longer lasting
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mature and circulate in a vigilant mode. In addition, during infection this organ expands due to B-cell proliferation. Name this organ.
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Lymph node
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A typical term used by epidemiologists is herd immunity. What is herd immunity?
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It provides protection to unvaccinated individuals by virtue of most individuals been immune to a disease
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We have seen a large number of individuals develop allergies over the past 30 years in the US. What are allergies?
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An exaggerated immune response to a harmless antigen to environmental triggers
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