Adaptation

Front 1

Environment Challenges

Marine:

Freshwater:

Terrestrial:

Back 1

Marine: salinity regulation, travel for food source, decreasing food within food web, water pressure

Freshwater: rapid loss of freshwater environments, no salinity,

Terrestrial: water loss, gas exchange,finding food, temperatures

Front 2

Solving Environmental Challenges

2 major organizational themes of Anatomy and Phys:

Back 2

1. Adaptation: correlation between structure and function

2. Homeostasis: stable internal environment & proper maintenance of function

separate but connected

Front 3

Adaptation=

ex:

Back 3

Adaptation= heritable trait that increases survival and reproduction in certain environments

ex: dormice - metabolism slows, body temp. decreases to 1 deg. cels. above ambient temp.

-prevents rapid heat loss during cold months, -reduces need to go out and hunt for food -special pumps allows heart to continue beating

-perpare for hibernation by building up fat layers during summer

Front 4

Acclimatization=

steps: 1.

Failure to acclimatize=

Back 4

reversible physiological changes within and individual in response to environmental changes

Steps: 1. blood vessels near the skin surface constrict

2. Muscles contract involuntarily (shiver)

3. Increased metabolic activity

failure=death if body temp. falls below phys-adapted values

Front 5

adaption vs. acclimatization

wrong with dict. def. of acc?

*the ability to acclimatize is in itself an adaptation

Back 5

adaptation=genetic change within a population in response to natural selection

acclimatization=phenotypic change in an individual in response to environmental change

wrong: "adapt to a new temp" should read "change in response to a new temp"

Front 6

Trade-offs to Adaptations

Are adaptations necessarily "optimal"?

1.Trade-off of long cheetah legs:

2.Trade-off of long giraffe neck:

Back 6

1. Cheetah legs = extra long for increased speed

trade-off=more fragile bones

2. Giraffe long neck = lengethened to achieve higher foods, mating exercise

trade-off = blood fighting against gravity, issues with blood flow

Adaptation: thicker blood cells, slower metabolism

Front 7

Examples of both acclimatization AND adaptation: 1.

2.

3.

Back 7

1. tanning

2. fur shedding

3.dormancy in plants during winter

Front 8

Trade-offs to Adaptation

1. Adaptations derived from:

2. Modern uses of a trait:

3. Some adaptations:

Back 8

1. pre-existing states

2. are NOT necessarily why that trait originally evolved

3. Some adaptations create new problems to solve