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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Contusion mechanism
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Blow, interrupts blood flow, causing a hematoma
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Contusion S&S
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hard lump
painful to touch, can affect skin or muscle ecchymosis (discoloration, red blood cells break and releasing particles) |
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Contusion Treatment
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Ice
Protective Padding |
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Strain Tissue
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Muscle, tendons, muscle-tendon
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Primary Strain Mechanisms
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1st degree: microtearing of tissue
2nd degree:partial tear 3rd degree:complete tearing of tissue (rupture) |
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Secondary strain causes
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-Dehydration (mineral imbalance)
-strength imbalance between opposing muscle groups -fatigue between opposing muscle groups -inadequate warm up -lack of flexibility |
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S&S prior to strain
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weakness
quivering muscles |
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Strain S&S at onset (1st and 2nd degree)
1-3 |
pulling sensation
sound:possible snap 1-local pain 2-increase tension 3-weakness |
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Strain S&S at onset (1st and 2nd degree)
4-6 |
4-minor swelling
5-possible ecchymosis 6-decrease of function |
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Strain S&S at onset (3rd degree)
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Sound: snap
immediate sharp pain severe decrease in function palpable defect muscle belly retracted |
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Common sites of strain
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Hamstring, quadriceps
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Treatment of Strain
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REST
ICE COMPRESSION ELEVATION gradual stretching and strengthening |
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Prevention of strain
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Proper conditioning, good nutrition, adequate hydration
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Sprain Tissue
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Ligaments, joint capsule
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Sprain primary cause mechanism
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Torsion
1st- microtearing (no instability) 2nd-partial tearing(some instability 3rd-complete tear(rupture, is unstable) |
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S&S of sprains
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Sound: POP (2nd or 3rd degree, maybe 1st)
Immediate pain swelling localized increase in temp decrease in function ecchymosis(day 2) |
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Common sites for sprains 1
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Ankle (85% lateral-inversion sprains)
Knee(ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL) Shoulder (AC or GH joints) Elbow - (lateral or medial ligaments) |
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Common sites for sprains 2
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Wrist- (fingers, thumb)
Neck (cervical- muscles and ligaments) Low back (lumbar-muscles and ligaments) |
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Treatment for sprains
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-R.I.C.E. elevations within 48-72 hours
-medical referral for x-ray to rule out fracture -crutches(weight bearing -sling (shoulder/elbow) -C-collar(neck) bedrest for low back |
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Prevention of sprains
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Proper support(tape, brace) for previous injuries
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Luxations Tissue (multiple pathology) Complete joint dislocation
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1-sprain to ligaments/joint capsule
2-Strain to muscles crossing joint ie. shoulder 3-Nerve and/or blood vessel impingement 4-function and or torn labrum possible |
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Luxation -Mechanism of injury
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blow, fall, twist, pull and twist
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Luxation S&S
1-4 |
1-immediate loss of function
2-deformity 3-swelling 4-point tender |
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Luxation S&S 5-7
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5-neurologic (tingling etc)
6-vascular insufficiency 7-shock (weak, rapid pulse, pale faint drop in BP) |
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Luxation Common Sites
1,2 |
1. Most common: Fingers
2. 2nd most: Shoulders most common age group :teens <20 years 2nd most common: 50 years. usually tearing joint capsule |
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Luxation Common sites
3-6 |
3-Elbows
4-Knee 5-Ankle 6 Cervical C4-C5 most common |
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Treatment of luxation
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Treat as a possible fracture
1-splint(do not relocate) 2-treat for shock 3-ice 4-refer to MD immediately |
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Subluxation (partial joint dislocation) Tissue
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Same as luxation, joint capsule
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Subluxation mechanism
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blow, fall, twist, pull and twist
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Subluxation S&S
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1. slipped out and came back in
same as luxations |
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Common sites of subluxation
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shoulder (glenohumeral) - 70% recurrence within first 2 years
patella |
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Treatment of Subluxation
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RICE. elevation within 48-72 hours , medical referral
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Same as sprain with medical referral
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Fractures Tissue and type
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Simple (closed)
Compound (open) Tissue - Bone |
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S&S of Fractures
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sound:crack
immediate pain/swelling loss of function deformity shock swelling |
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Fracture
Transverse |
Direct blow
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Fracture
Longitudinal |
Fall from a height
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Fracture
spiral |
plant and twist
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Fracture
Greenstick |
plant and twist:common in children
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Fracture
1-comminuted 2-depressed 3-impacted 4-chondral |
comminuted - compression
depressed - compression impacted - compression chondral - crushing/compression |
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fracture
contrecoup |
head-occuring opposite to site of blow
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Fracture
avulsion |
pull or twist of soft tissue on bone
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Fracture
eipihyseal |
direct or indirect blow or fall
Problematic in growing children |
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fracture
Osteochondral |
compression (chronic)
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Fracture
oblique |
blow or rotation
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Treatments for fracture
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Splint as is
ice treat for shock contact MD |
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Common sites for fracture
ankle Leg thigh |
Ankle-lateral or medial malleolus
Leg-Tibia or fibula Thigh- femur |
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Common sites for fracture
Arm |
Humeral shaft
proximal humerus(possible epiphyseal plate injury |
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Common sites for fracture
forearm |
radial head (proximal
radius and or ulna (distal) |
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Common sites for fracture
wrist |
navicular bone of carpals
Fingers |
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Common sites for fracture
neck spine clavicle |
cervical
fracture to spinous process collar bone |
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Avulsion type fractures
patellar tendon |
Rupture at attachment on tibial tuberosity
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Alvusion type fractures
ankle sprain |
ligament tears a piece of bone away
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