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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Acute Renal Failure?
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Rapid loss of renal function with progressive azotemia
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What is azotemia?
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Accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood
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What are the age related changes in kidney function?
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Decline in GFR
Reduced clearance of drugs excreted: prolonged half life Increased risk of fluid & electrolyte imbalance |
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What causes GFR to decline?
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Arteriosclerosis
Decreased renal Vascularity Decreased Cardiac Output |
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What causes reduced clearance of drugs excreted throught the kidneys?
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Cardiac drugs(dig,procainamide)
Antibiotics(aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, cephalosporins) Histamine H2 antagonists (cimetidine) Antidiabetic agents (Chloropropamide) |
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Why is risk for F&E imbalance increased?
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Decreased ability to concentrate urine and compensate for altered salt intake
Decreased effectiveness of ADH and reduced thirst response Decreased K+ excretion due to lower aldosterone levels |
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What are the types of renal failure?
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Pre-Renal
Intra renal Post Renal |
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What is pre renal failure?
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External factors that lead to decreased blood flow taht lead to reduced glomerular perfusion and filtration. 60-70% of cases.
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Causes of pre-renal failure
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Hypovolemia
Decreased Cardiac Output Decreased peripheral vascular resistance Decreased renovascular bloodflow |
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What causes oliguria?
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Oliguria occurs when kidneys respond to decreased blood flow by activating R-A-A system
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What leads to azotemia?
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Poor renal perfusion
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What is intra renal failure?
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Results from conditions that cause direct damage to the tissue inside the kidney
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What causes intra renal failure?
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Prolonged ischemia
Exposure to nephrotoxins Acute tubular necrosis |
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What causes ATN?
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damaged tubules lead to interstitial edema
(necrotic cells block tubes) Glomerular filtrate leaks back into plasma through holes in damaged tubules decreasing intratubular blood flow |
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what are the 4 phases of intra renal failure?
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Initiating
Oliguric Diuretic Recovery |
