Acute Inflammation

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when monocytes depart the circulation to tissues they become

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macrophages

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prostaglandin:

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cell-derived chemical mediators that are synthesized as needed

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the vasoactive amines are:

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histamine and serotonin

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if tissues are unable to regenerate after injury:

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scarring (fibrosis) occurs

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eosinophils are usually found at sites of:

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parasitic infection or allergic (IgE-mediated) sites

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in inflammation, lysosomal acid hydrolases

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degrade dead microorganisms

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in acute inflammation C3b and C3bi

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function as opsonins, increasing phagocytosis

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histamine is

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released by mast cells, basophils, platelets in response to injury

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defects of leukocytes function due to defects of microbicidal activity are caused by:

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impaired oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms

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T and B lymphocytes release

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macrophage-activating cytokines

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catalase breaks hydrogen peroxide down to water and oxygen within the..

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phagolysosome

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what is the cell membrane phospholipid that causes vasodilation, increased vascularpermeability, and leukocyte adhesion

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PAF

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prostiglandins and thromboxane are..

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eicosanoids

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the PMNs kill by halogenation helped by..

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reactive oxidative species

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phagocytosis

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is due to an oxidative burst that induces engulfment and formation of phagolysosomes

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leaking due to marginating the leukocytes is due to..

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the release of toxic oxygen radicals and proteolytic enzymes

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a blister is a form of..

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serous inflammation

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leukocytes follow the chemical gradient to site of injury by

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chemotaxis

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defensins are antimicrobials that act by

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punching holes in membranes

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in granulomatous inflammation the macrophages form

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epithelioid mass

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opsonization

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helps the leukocytes recognize and bind to the antigen

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plasma cell is differentiated by the..

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B cell

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complement systems are

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plasma driven chemical mediators

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suppurative inflammation is characterized by

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the presence of pus

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In inflammation the widen intercellular gaps of venules is due to the release of?

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histamines, bradykinins and leukotrienes

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Vasodilation

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loads to warmth and redness

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Calor is?

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hotness

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Prostaglandins and thromboxane are what?

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eicosanoids

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the PMNs kill by halogenation helped by

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reactive oxygen species

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When monocytes depart the circulation to tissues they become?

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Macrophages

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Angiogenesis is?

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new vessel formation

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Exudation and edema are due to

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an increased vascular permeability

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Serotonin release is triggered by

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Platelet aggregation

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Defensins are antimicrobials that act by?

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punching holes in membranes

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During inflammation, the formation of bradykinin causes?

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pain and non-vascular smooth muscle contraction

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inflammatin

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protective vascular connective tissue reaction in response to injurious stimuli

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Eosinophils are usually found at sites

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of parasitic infection, or at allergic sites

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Diapedesis is

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leukocytic transmigration

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Prostaglandin

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Cell-derived chemical mediators that are synthesized as needed

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The vasoactive amines include?

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Histamine and serotonin

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Suppurative inflammation is characterized by

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the presence of pus

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In granulomatous inflammation the macrophages

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form epithelioid mass

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In acute inflammation, C5a helps

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leukocyte chemotaxin

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BPI is an antimicrobial that acts as?

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Bactericidal permeability increasing protein

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Functio laesa is what?

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loss of function

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What induces endothelial cell junction retraction and cytoskeleton reorganization in inflammation?

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Cytokine mediators

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Degradation and clean-up are active within what?

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only active within phagolysosome

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a blister is a form of

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serous inflammation

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complement systems are

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plasma driven chemical mediators

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T and B lymphocytes release what?

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macrophage-activating cytokines

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Dolor is?

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pain

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Rubor is?

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Redness

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The plasma protease thromine

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converts soluble fibrinogen to insolube fibrin clot

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Leukocytes follow chemical gradient to site of injury by?

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chemotaxis

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Phagocytosis

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is due to an oxidative burst that induces engulfment and formation of phagolysosome

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fibrin accumulation occurs in

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fibrinous inflammation

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what happens within the phagolysosome?

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catalase breaks hhydrogen peroxide down to water and oxygen

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if tissues are unable to regenerate after injury what happens?

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scarring occurs

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The increased vascular permeability in inflammation does what?

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allows the fluid to leave the vessel and help the leukocytes' migration

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Early rolling adhesion is mediated by?

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E, P, and L selectins

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at the site of injury, L-selectin is upregulated by?

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TNF and IL-1

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Chronic Inflammation is accompained by what?

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tissue infiltration by lymphocyte, macrophage and plasma cell

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Defect of leukocyte function due to defects of adhesion are caused by what?

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LFA-1 and Mac-1 subunit defects or absence of sialyl-Lewis X, and efect in E- and P- slectin sugar epitopes (LAD-2)