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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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treatment for cough depends on what |
underlying cause |
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90 percent of bronchitis are what |
viral |
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most common bronchitis pathogens |
Influenza parainfluenza RSV coronavirus adenovirus rhinovirus |
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which of the previous is very common |
adenovirus |
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name the atypical bronchitis pathogens |
Bordetella pertussis mycoplasma pneumoniae chlamydia pneumoniae |
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what would you consider for alternate causes of bronchitis |
History of URI symptoms Irritants (aerosols, dust, fumes, molds) Aspiration Change in lifestyle Smoking |
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how will most of the chest x-rays look in acute bronchitis |
normal |
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treatment for viral bronchitis |
symptomatic |
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2 dangerous illnesses that may be associated with bronchitis |
sars H1N1 |
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what other treatments would you use for acute bronchitis
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Bronchodilators (if bronchospasm)
Anti-inflammatory agents
Nasal sprays
Anti-tussive agents
Combination meds with pain medications
Smoking cessation |
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treatment for chronic bronchitis |
Smoking cessation Bronchodilators Oxygen therapy Antibiotics |
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what happens if you get new symptoms post treatment? |
re-evaluation might be needed |
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examples of new symptoms that raise concern |
Fever Increase in sputum production Chest pain |
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Bronchiolitis is common in what age group |
infants and children |
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what are the two common pathogens |
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Adenovirus |
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what are the classifications for bronchiolitis |
acute constrictive proliferative |
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acute bronchiolitis |
neutrophilicor mononuclear without proliferative collagen formation |
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constrictive bronchiolitis |
chronic inflammation, concentric scarring, and smooth muscle hypertrophy |
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another name for constrictive |
Obliterative |
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proliferative bronchiolitis |
intraluminal exudate obstructing the lumen |
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proliferative bronchiolitis can lead to what |
pneumonia |
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if an adult has bronchiolitis it is related to what |
underlying condition |
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3 examples of underlying conditions |
Transplantation Connective tissue disease Hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
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typical age these patients present at |
50-70 |
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symptoms of adult bronchiolitis |
Dry cough dyspnea constitutionalsymptoms ranging weeks to months |
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treatment for bronchiolitis for children |
supportive +/- steroids albuterol |
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treatment for bronchiolitis for adults with constrictive |
oral steroids have little benefit |
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treatment for bronchiolitis for adults with proliferative |
Prednisone1mg/kg/day x 1-3 months then tapered to 20-40mg/day for 3-6 months |
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prognosis of bronchiolitis is dependent upon what |
severity of underlying disease and acute illness |
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it is estimated that 1 million people in the US died in what |
pandemic flu of 1918 |
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what is highly contagious and comes in 3 different strains |
influenza |
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which two strains have similar characteristics |
A & B |
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which strain has a very short lived duration |
C |
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which strain is most likely to lead to a pandemic |
A |
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which flu was transmitted from bird to humans in 2009 |
H1N1 virus |
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type of flu that can affect a variety of mammals
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type A
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type of flu that usually only affects humans |
B & C |
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subtypes of H & N |
Hemagglutinin Neuramidase |
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influenza laboratory findings |
leukopenia nasal swab influenza (A & B) throat swab |
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hallmark of care for influenza |
prevention |
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who gets vaccinated |
1. Patients >age 50 2. Nursing home patients 3. Children over 6 months 4. Chronic lung disease 5. Pregnant in 2nd or 3rd trimester 6. Health care workers |
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treatment for influenza |
rest fluids analgesia (acetaminophen, ibuprofen) anti-tussives time |
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other treatments must be administered in the first two days of onset to be effective. what are those drugs |
zanamifir oseltamivir peramivir |
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which drug is contraindicated in asthma patients |
zanamifir |
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which drug is administered by IV and comes directly from the CDC |
Peramivir |
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the previous drugs are marketed to do what |
to reduce the number of sick days and symptoms |
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how long does the flu last |
7 days |
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complications of the flu
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Co-morbid illness
Viral Pneumonia
CHF Diabetes
Renal failure
Heart disease
Pulmonary illness |
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prognosis of the flu |
good in young, healthy adults |
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how does a pulmonary function test work |
Measures the lungs ability on airflow &transfer of gas via alveolar-capillary exchange system |
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what does it detect |
type and extent of pulmonarydisease |
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contraindications for PFT's |
Acute or severe asthma Respiratory distress Pneumothorax Hemoptysis Active tuberculosis |
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total lung capacity TLC
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Total amount of gas that exists at the end of a maximal inhalation |
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vital capacity
VC
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Total amount of gas that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation |
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Residual volume RV |
Amount of gas left in the lungs after amaximum exhalation |
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Inspiratory capacity IC |
Amount of gas that one can inhale at thestart of a normal breath |
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Functional Reserve Capacity FRC |
Amount of gas that remains at the end ofa resting tidal breath |
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Inspiratory Reserve Volume IRV
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Available amount of volume that can be achieved at a full tidal breath |
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Tidal Volume
Vt
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Amount of gas that is inhaled and exhaled with each breath |
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Expiratory Volume Reserve
EVR
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Amount of gas remaining that can be exhaled beyond a normal exhalation |
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3 normal patterns of lung disease |
normal obstructive restrictive |
