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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Motor Neurons |
MNs in spinal cord synapse with muscle fibers. Spindle afferent neurons signal muscle to stretch to motor Neurons. This triggers muscle contraction. |
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Reciprocal Innervation |
Smooth movements require cortical excitation of agonistic and inhibition of antagonist spasticity. |
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Motor tracts |
Axons from motor correct project ..... DIRECTLY to Dorsolateral spinal cord (decussates at medullary pyramids) Ventromedial spinal cord INDIRECTLY by Synapsing at Red nucleus Synapsing at brain stem nuclei |
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Motor cortices |
Damage to brain area = damage to muscle. Parietal relieves sensory info.. send to motor cortices. Homunculus |
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Cerebellum (vestibulo/spino/cerebro) |
Vestibulo= reciprocal connections with vestibular nuclei, balance and posture Spino= reciprocal connections with spinal cord, smooth motor control Cerebro= reciprocal connections with primary and secondary motor cortices via thalamus, skilled movement |
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Forward model vs inverse model |
Forward= refers to internal feedback ( visual) Inverse= expected patterns of motor actions |
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Cerebellar Ataxia |
unilateral Loss of smooth movements |
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Basal ganglia |
Striatem ( caudate and putamen) receives input to basal ganglia Globus pallidus and Substantia nigri send output. Connected by indirect and direct pathways |
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Hypokinetic Disorders |
Result from increased neuronal firing Decreased movement Parkinsons - loss of dopaminergic neurons. Loss of voluntary movement. Treated with L-dopa bring the movement back. |
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Hyperkinetic Disorder |
Results from decrease neural firing. Causes increases involuntary movements. Slurred speech (dystharia) Huntingtons |
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Parietal cortex |
Convergence site: in front from somoatosensory feeds forward to motor cortex Dorsal what Ventral where |
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Optic ataxia |
Can match and do tasks from memory Can't grasp or scale hand Not using visual info to guide motion |
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Apraxia |
Left parietal lesions Loss of purposeful instructed skilled movement Ideomotor- disconnect between concept of movement and sending command forwards Ideational- can't create concept of a movement under instruction |
