Action

Front 1

Apraxia

Back 1

inability to perform particular purposive actions, as a result of brain damage.

Front 2

ideomotor

Back 2

of or relating to involuntary motor activity caused by an idea.

Front 3

ataxia

Back 3

the loss of full control of bodily movements.

Front 4

Parkinson's disease

Back 4

a progressive disease of the nervous system marked by tremor, muscular rigidity, and slow, imprecise movement, chiefly affecting middle-aged and elderly people. It is associated with degeneration of the basal ganglia of the brain and a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Front 5

Huntington's disease

Back 5

a hereditary disease marked by degeneration of the brain cells and causing chorea and progressive dementia.

Front 6

Chorea

Back 6

a neurological disorder characterized by jerky involuntary movements affecting especially the shoulders, hips, and face.

Front 7

Hypermetric saccadic eye movement

Back 7

Overshoots target and corrects

Front 8

Clonus

Back 8

involuntary waves of contraction

Front 9

Romberg testing

Back 9

test of the body's sense of positioning (proprioception), which requires healthy functioning of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. ... A positive Romberg test suggests that the ataxia is sensory in nature, that is, depending on loss of proprioception.

Front 10

Retropulsion

Back 10

Natural defensive posture that helps stabilize the body. Bent knees

Front 11

Kinetic tremor

Back 11

A phenomenon in which the subject tremors

Front 12

Tremor of intention

Back 12

Tremor only occurs when close to the goal of the motion. I.e. picking up an object

Front 13

What are some of the cardinal effects of cerebellar disease

Back 13

Walking, dysmetria, dysdiadocokinesia, dysarthria

Front 14

Dysdiadocokinesia

Back 14

impaired ability to perform rapid, alternating movements

Front 15

vestibulocerebellum

Back 15

Involved in balance and eye movements

Front 16

Pontine nuclei

Back 16

part of the pons involved in motor activity

Front 17

Proprioception

Back 17

the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement

Front 18

vestibular system

Back 18

Sensory information about motion, equilibrium, and spatial orientation is provided by the vestibular apparatus

Front 19

Cerebral inputs

Back 19

sensory association
peripheral proprioceptors
vestibular system

Front 20

Cerebral outputs

Back 20

motor control system
Not direct activation of movement

Front 21

Central pattern generators

Back 21

Where are they?
They are involved in repetitive slightly subconscious movement

Front 22

What is cerebellar disease not associated with

Back 22

Intellect or memory
Do not eliminate all motion abilities
Don't produce involuntary movements

Front 23

What do cerebellar lesions do?

Back 23

Coordination of limbs

Front 24

Cerebellum

Back 24

Appears to regulate movement and posture indirectly by adjusting the output of major descending motor systems based on
proprioception

Front 25

Dysmetria

Back 25

inability to make a movement ofappropriate distance or direction

Front 26

What does the basal ganglia regulate

Back 26

response inhibition and selection
movement initiation
cognitive aspects of motor function- executive functions–organizing, planning ahead–switching mental set–carrying out cognitive and motor plans• learning and memory–incremental acquisition of habits or S-R associations

Front 27

What is the cause of Huntington's disease

Back 27

Hereditary disease
Loss of neurons providing GABAergic projections

Front 28

Main markers of Huntington's

Back 28

–(1) association with choreaform movements
–(2) its hereditary nature
–(3) the fact that it manifests in adult life
–(4) the tendency of its sufferers to insanity and suicide

Front 29

substantia nigra

Back 29

Structure in the midbrain (below the thalamus) involved in reward and movement. Death of dopaminergic neurons in the SN is the cause of Parkinson's disease. It is a brainstem nucleus in the basal ganglia.

Front 30

Basal Ganglia (structure, where it is and what is it composed of?)

Back 30

Located at the base of the forebrain, the BS is composed of a number of different cortical nuclei
caudate, putamen, subthalamic nuclei, substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr)