Actcm - Medical Terminology - Nervous System - Chapter 17

Front 1

Neurons

Back 1

Basic unit of the nervous system, essentially a nerve

Front 2

Dendrite

Back 2

Nerve fibers that take nerve impulses from one neuron and move it TOWARD the cell body (part of the neuron that contains the nucleus)

Front 3

Cell Body

Back 3

Part of the neuron that contains the nucleus

Front 4

Axon

Back 4

Nerve fiber that conducts the nerve impulse AWAY from the cell body

Front 5

Myelin

Back 5

Whitish, fatty substance that surrounds certain axons

Front 6

Grey matter

Back 6

Un-myelinated tissue of the nervous system

Front 7

White matter

Back 7

Myelinated tissue of the nervous system

Front 8

Neuroglia

Back 8

Support cells of the nervous system

Front 9

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Back 9

Composed of the brain and spinal cord

Front 10

Brain

Back 10

Nervous tissue within the cranium

Front 11

Ventricles

Back 11

Small cavities in the brain in which CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) is formed

Front 12

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Back 12

Fluid that circulates in and around the spinal cord for protection and cushioning

Front 13

Cerebrum

Back 13

Responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions. Front of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure.

Front 14

Cerebral cortex

Back 14

Outer surface layer of the brain

Front 15

Sulci (Sulcus)

Back 15

Part of the brain that is shallow furrows or grooves

Front 16

Gyri (Gyrus)

Back 16

Raised aspect of the surface of the brain

Front 17

Lobes

Back 17

Different regions of the brain

Front 18

Frontal lobe

Back 18

Front part of the brain, higher reasoning

Front 19

Parietal lobe

Back 19

Top of head behind Frontal, motor and sensory function

Front 20

Temporal lobe

Back 20

Side of the brain, hearing and speech

Front 21

Occipital lobe

Back 21

Back of brain, visual processing

Front 22

Diencephalon

Back 22

Caudal (posterior) part of the forebrain, containing the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and ventral thalamus and the third ventricle.

Front 23

Thalmus

Back 23

Relay center for stimulus that gets sent to brain

Front 24

Hypothalmus

Back 24

Below the Thalmus, controls the pituitary gland, hormonal functions

Front 25

Pituitary Gland

Back 25

Makes many hormones

Front 26

Brain stem

Back 26

Base of brain, "lizard" brain

Front 27

Midbrain

Back 27

Coordination of reflexes for hearing & vision

Front 28

Pons

Back 28

Connects the brain stem to other parts of the brain

Front 29

Medula Oblongata

Back 29

Vital centers for survival - breathing, heart beating, blood pressure

Front 30

Cerebellum

Back 30

Balance and coordination

Front 31

Spinal Cord

Back 31

Spinal nerves - 8 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 5 Sacral, 1 Coccygeal

Front 32

Nerve root

Back 32

On either side of the vertebra and give rise to spinal nerves

Front 33

Meninges

Back 33

3 membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

Dura mater (strongest)

Arachnoid mater (outside)

Pia mater (most inner)

Front 34

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Back 34

All other nerves outside the CNS (Central Nervous System)

Front 35

Cranial Nerves

Back 35

I through XII - Directly connected to the brain

Front 36

Ganglion (ganglia)

Back 36

Collections of neural cell bodies outside of the CNS (Central Nervous System)

Front 37

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Back 37

Part of the nervous system that controls what happens involuntarily or automatically

Front 38

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

Back 38

Fight or flight OR freeze, response to stress

Front 39

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 39

Rest & digest

Front 40

gli/o

Back 40

Neuroglia

Front 41

Glial

Back 41

Pertaining to Neuroglia

Front 42

Encephal/o

Back 42

Brain

Front 43

Encephalitis

Back 43

Brain inflammation

Front 44

Mening/o

Back 44

Meninges

Front 45

Meningitis

Back 45

Inflammation of the meninges (bacterial infection)

Front 46

Cortic/o

Back 46

Cerebral Cortex

Front 47

Corticospinal

Back 47

Spine and cerebral cortex

Front 48

Radicul/o

Back 48

Spinal nerve roots

Front 49

Radiculopathy

Back 49

Disorder of the spinal nerve group

Front 50

Afferent

Back 50

Nerve cells that carry sensory information TOWARDS the CNS

Front 51

Efferent

Back 51

Motor neurons that carry nerve impulses AWAY from the CNS

Front 52

Reflex

Back 52

Simple automatic response to a stimulus, does not involve the brain

Front 53

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Back 53

Stroke

Front 54

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Back 54

Mini-stroke, short-lived and no lasting damage

Front 55

Concussion

Back 55

Violent blow or shock to the head that injures the brain and often causes LOC (Loss of Consciousness)

Front 56

Seizure

Back 56

Sudden attack of body convulsions

Front 57

Dementia

Back 57

Gradual and usually irreversible loss of intellectual function

Front 58

Ataxia

Back 58

A loss of full control of body movements

Front 59

Paralysis

Back 59

Temporary or permanent loss of muscle function

Front 60

Hemiplegia

Back 60

Paralysis of one side of the body

Front 61

Paraplegia

Back 61

Paralysis of lower half of body

Front 62

Quadriplegia

Back 62

Paralysis of all 4 limbs

Front 63

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 63

Test to check the brain's electrical function

Front 64

Sleep Apnea

Back 64

Without breath while sleeping for brief periods of time

Front 65

Neurotransmitter

Back 65

Substance that relays nerve impulse between neurons

Front 66

Myelogram

Back 66

Test to determine strength of the nerve cells