Act Science

Front 1

Lysosomes

Back 1

Lysosomes hold enzymes. Lysosomes digest food or break down the cell when it dies.

Front 2

Mitochondria

Back 2

Organelles that act like a digestive system, which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules (ATP) for the cell.

Front 3

Cell Nucleus

Back 3

Acts like the brain of the cell. It contains the cell's DNA, or the genetic information from which proteins are made. It also helps control eating, movement, and reproduction.

Front 4

Chloroplasts

Back 4

Only exist in plant cells and assist in the process of photosynthesis, converting light into energy (which only plants do, not animals).

Front 5

Cell Membrane

Back 5

Holds all of the pieces of the cell and serves as the barrier between the cell and other cells.

Front 6

DNA

Back 6

DNA acts as the blueprint for protein production.

Front 7

Messenger RNA

(known as mRNA)

Back 7

Makes a copy of the sequence of DNA of a specific gene. This process is known as transcription and happens in the nucleus.

Front 8

Ribosomes

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Use mRNA as a guide to make protein of the same amino acid sequence as the original DNA.

Front 9

Translation

Back 9

The process of producing protein from the mRNA

Front 10

The process of protein synthesis consists of two steps:

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DNA to mRNA transcription and mRNA to protein translation.

Front 11

Natural selection

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Is also known as 'survival of the fittest.' In a specific environment, traits that allow organisms to reproduce more effectively will become more common, and traits that reduce reproductive success will become less common.

Front 12

C6H12O6

Back 12

The basic sugar molecule structure

Front 13

Fats are made up of:

Back 13

C (Carbon), H (Hydrogen), and O (Oxygen)

Front 14

How do you differentiate fats from sugar?

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Fats have nearly twice the number of H as C and a very small number of O. Fats are much bigger in size than sugar.

Front 15

Name 3 kinds of fats

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saturated, unsaturated, trans

Front 16

Proteins are composed of what?

Back 16

Amino acids

Front 17

All proteins contain:

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C, H, O and N (Nitrogen)

Front 18

Nucleic acids are:

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Biomolecules

Front 19

Two types of nucleic acids are:

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DNA and RNA

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Nucleic acids are made up of 3 parts:

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A 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Front 21

Water freezes at:

Back 21

0 degrees Celsius

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Water boils at:

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100 degrees Celsius

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pH of below 7 is:

Back 23

acidic

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pH above 7:

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Basic

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pH at 7 is:

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Considered neutral

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The mass of a molecule:

Back 26

is the sum of the mass of its atoms.

Front 27

Atoms are composed of three types of particles:

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Protons, electrons, and neutrons. Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons have no charge.

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Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract each other. For example, two positive charges will repel each other, while a positive and a negative charge will attract.

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Front 29

Below freezing point, a material will be in solid form, just above freezing point a material will be in liquid form, above boiling point, liquid becomes gas (is vaporized).One natural way to think about this is in terms of water. When it's really cold, it turns to ice (solid). When it warms up, it turns to liquid. Then, when you boil it, it turns to steam (gas).

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Front 30

Gravity is a downward force that acts on objects, and other forces (such as a spring or pulley) can counteract gravity.

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Front 31

Density is the degree of compactness of a substance. To calculate the density of a substance, you use the formula:

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Density = mass/volume

Front 32

Denser objects sink, and less dense objects float.

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