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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lower Respitory System
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Trachea, Lungs (Bronchi, Bronchioles, Aveoli)
The Trachea is where the air enters from the upper respitory system and it protects, maintains and supports and open airway. |
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Upper Respitory System
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Consists of The nose, Nasal cavity, Paranasal Sinus, Pharynx, Larynx. Glottis
Air enters the nose,nasal cavity, paranasal sinus the Pharynx,Larynx and then the Glottis. |
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Collagen
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Comprise much of the Connective tissue in the joints.
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Muscle ( Skeletal)
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Moves bony levers of the skeletal system, enabling movement, mobility of the body.
Most abundant type of muscle in the body 50%. Composed of individual cells called (myocytes or myofibers) |
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Tendon (Epimysium)
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Epimysium converges at the end of the muscle to form the tendon that attaches muscle to bone
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Perimysium
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A layer of tissue that encases Fasciculus
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Endomysium
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The inner layer that surronds each muscle fiber
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Bone
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1) Is an Osseous tissue.
2) Protects organs and tissues of the body 3) Provides storage for calcium salts 4) Produces blood cells |
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Myosin and Actin
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Contractile Protien
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Fascicle
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Muscle compartments
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Myofibril
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Contain myofiliments, which consist of contractile proteins Myosin and Actin.
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Muscle Fiber
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Skeletal muscle is made up of components of Muscle fibers.
Muscle Fibers are composed of cells ( Myofibrils) and Myofibrils composed of Myosin and actin. The Term Muscle refers to multiple muscle bundles of muscle fibers held together by connective tissue |
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Short Bone
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Cuboidal in shape
(e.g. Bones of the wrist and ankle) |
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Long Bones
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Consists of a central cylindrical shaft, or Diaphysis, with an epiphysis at each end.
(e.g. Femur) |
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Flat Bone
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Are thin and broad ( skull, ribs and scapulae)
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Irregular bone
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Have mixed shapes that do not fit easily into any category
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Circumduction
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Is a combination of Flexion, extension,abduction, and adduction. The segment moving in circumduction describes a cone.
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Rotation
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Is a movement around a longitudinal axis and in the Transverse plane. either toward the midline( internal) or away from the midline (external)
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Flexion
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Is the movement that decreases the joint angle. It occurs in a sagittal plane around a mediolateral axis
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Extension
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A movement opposite of Flexion.
It increases the joint angle and it occurs in a sagittal plane around the mediolateral axis. |
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Biceps Femoris
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Flexion of the knee
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Biceps Brachii
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Flexion of the elbow
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Quadriceps Femoris ( Rectus Femoris)
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Extension of the knee
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Gastrocnemius
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Extension of the ankle
Plantar flexion |
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Subscapularis
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Medial Rotation of the Shoulder Joint
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Teres Major
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Adduction, Extension, Horizontal Extension,Hyper Extension and Medial Rotaion of the Shoulder Joint
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Latissimus Dorsi
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Adduction,Extension,Horizontal Extension,Hyper Extension and Medial Rotation of the Shoulder Joint.
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Teres Minor
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Lateral Rotation of the Shoulder Joint
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Cartilidge
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Hyaline. Supporting Connective tissue. Dense ground substance, with very closely packed fibers.
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Bicuspid Valve
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Left AV Valve (AKA The Mitral Valve).
Recieves Oxygenated Blood from the Left Atrium and the Left Ventricle |
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Tricuspid Valve
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Right AV Valve.
Recieves Oxygenated Blood from the Right Atrium and the Right Ventricle |
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Pulmonic Valve
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Recives unoxgenated blood from right ventricle then
to the Pulmonary Artery. |
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Aortic Valve
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Recieves Oxygenated Blood from the Left Ventricle and blood moves through the Aortic Valve to the Aorta.
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Ankle Joint
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Gliding Joint
Subtalar Inversion and Eversion |
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Elbow Joint
Knee Joint |
Hinge Joint
Flexion and Extension in one (talocrural) plane |
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Hip Joint
Shoulder Joint |
Ball & Socket Joint
Circumduction,Rotation, and Angular planes. |
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Wrist Joint
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Condyloid ( Radial Carpal)
Circumduction,Abduction,Adduction, Flexion and Extension |
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(COG) Center of Gravity
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A) Is a point of exact center around which a body freely rotates
B) Is the point around which body weight is equal on all sides |
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(BOS) Base of Support
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Is the area of contact between the body and the supporting surface.
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Torque
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The ability of any force to cause rotation of a lever
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Stability
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1) Is the firmness of balance.
2) The center of gravity(COG) must fall with in the Base of Support(BOS) 3) Increased Stability occurs when (COG) is closer to the (BOS) |
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Balance
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Is maintained when the (COG) remains over the (BOS)
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Which of the following is a standard site for the measurment of Skin Folds?
a) Medial Thigh b) Biceps c) Infrailiac d) Forearm |
The answer is Biceps.
All standard sites are: Abdominal,Triceps,Biceps,Chest, Medial Calf,Mid Axillary, Subscapular,Suprailiac and Thigh at the anterior mid line of the thigh. |
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Which of the following is a standard site for the measurment of circumferences?
a) Abdomen b) Neck c) Wrist d) Ankle |
The Answer is (a) Abdomen
All sites for Measurementsof circumference are: Abdomen, Calf, Forearm,Hips, Arm, Waist and Thigh |
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Blood flows from the peripheral anatomy to the heart through the Superior and Inferior Venae Cavae into which of the follwing chambers:
a) Right Atrium b) Left Atrium c) Right Ventricle d) Left Ventricle |
A) Right Atrium
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Capillary
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Vessels composed of one cell layer that functions to exchange nutrients and waste materials between the blood and the tissues
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Arteriole
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Recieves oxgenated blood from arteries. Branches off from arteries and gives rise to 2-5 capillaries.
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Venule
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recieves blood from Capillaries then Carries deoxgenated blood to veins and back toward the heart.
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Vein
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Medium Veins. Large Veins (The Two Venae Cavae) Carry Deoxygenated blood back toward the heart. |
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Newton's Law of Inertia
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A body will remain in it's state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted on by an external force.
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Newton's Law of Acceleration
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The acceleration of a body resulting from an applied force will be proportional to the magnitude of the applied force,in the direction of the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass of the body.
a=F/m Where: F= force m= mass a= accelleration |
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Newton's Law of Reaction
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When two bodies interact,the force exerted by the first body on the second is met by an equal and opposite force exerted by the second body by the first.
( For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction) |
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Why does running require greater muscle strength than walking?
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Greater Muscle Strength- because of many muscle contracting more rapidly and with greater force
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Who first described that a body immersed in fluid is bouyed up with a force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid?
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Hydrostatic Weighing
Archimedes Priciple. |
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Which of the following bones articulates proximally with the sternal manubrium and distally with scapula and is helpful to palpate in electrode placement?
a) Scapula b) Sternum c) Clavicle d) 12th Rib |
c) Clavicle
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In reguard to lifting and proper body mechanics, what position is described when the knees are slightly flexed and the body is bent forward from the hips with the back remainingstraight and the chest and head up?
a) Ready Position b) Power Position c) Center of Gravity d) Base of support |
b) Power Position
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The intervertebral disks have which of the following characteristics?
a) Calcified outer ring b) Gelatinous inner nucleus portion c) Gray matter surronding the neural cell bodies d) Actin and Myosin Proteins |
b) Gelatinous inner nucleus portion
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Which of the following will increase stability?
a) Lowering the center of Gravity b) Raising the center of gravity c) Decreasing the base support d) Moving the center of gravity farther from the edge of the base of support |
a) Lowering the center of Gravity
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First class lever?
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The Axis is between he force and the resistance arm.
EX: A See Saw |
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Second Class Lever?
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The resistance lies between the effort force ad the axis of rotation.
Ex:A Wheel Barrel Resistance in the barrel Force is the handles and you Axis is the wheel and the resistance arm is between the barrel and the wheel. |
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Third Class Lever?
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The effort force lies closer to the axis of the lever arm than the resistance arm
Ex: A man holding a long shovel |
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Which type of musculoskeletal lever is most common?
a) Firts Class b) Second Class c) Third Class d) Forth Class |
c) Third Class
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Rotary motion?
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Occurs when a force is applied off center to a movable object
and it spins( Rotary) |
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Translatory Motion?
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Occurs when a freely moving object moves in a straight line when a force is applied on the center of the object.
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Which if the following is characteristic of a second class lever?
a) Axis is located between effort force and the resistance. b) Resistance is located between the effort force and the axis c) Effort force is located between the resistance and the axis d) Force arm may be greater than or equal to the resistance arm. |
b) Between the effort and the axis
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Which of the following muscle groups is most likely weak when slapping of the foot durning heel strike and increased knee and hip flexion during swing are observed?
a) Gluteous Medius and minimus b) Quadriceps Femoris c) Plantarflexors d) Dorsiflexors |
d) Dorsiflexors
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Which of the following is a characteristic of running vs walking?
a) Less vigerous arm action b) Decreased Stride length c) Period of non support d) Period of double - support |
c) Period of non support
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The rear foot motion called Pronation results from a combination of
a) Abduction,eversion and plantarflexion b) Adduction, inversion and plantarflexion c) Abduction, eversion and dorsiflexion d) Adduction, inversion and dorsiflexion |
c) Abduction, eversion and dorsiflexion
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Weakness in the gluteus maximus can contribute to;
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An anterior lean of the upper body at heel strike.
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Weakness in the gluteus Medius and minimus...
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decreases stability function during the stance phase of gait, possibly leading to an increased lateral shift in the pelvis.
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Severe weakness in the Plantarflexors...
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reduces push off and step length on the affected side
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Weakness of the Quadriceps femoris....
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can lead to forward lean of the trunk or hyper extension of the knee joint.
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Pronation
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Abduction
Eversion Dorsiflexion |
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Supination
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Adduction
inversion Plantarflexion |
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The heart circulates Oxygenated blood through:
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through Arteries to Artrioles to Capillaries
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Deoxygenated blood returns to the Capillaries then...
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travels to the Venules to veins and then the heart
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The maintenance of an open air way during esophageal distention isprovided by what structure?
a) Trachea b) Pharnyx c) Larynx d) Egigloittis |
a) Trachea
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providing red blood cells, protecting organs and tissues, and providing support for the body are all functions of what tissue?
a) Collagen b) Muscle c) Tendon d) Bones |
d) Bones
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