Acquisition Of Skill

Front 1

Stages of Information Processing Model

Back 1

1. Input
2. Stimulus Identification
3. Response Selection
4. Response Programming
5. Output

Front 2

Explain Stroop Effect

Back 2

During stimulus identification stage, more that one stimulus are taken together in parallel. During response selection, the stimuli both fight for attention causing delay.

Basically. If there is more than one stimuli at once, it will take longer to react.

Front 3

What is exteroceptive

Back 3

it detects external stimuli that affect our body. e.g., vision, auditory.

Front 4

What is proprioceptive

Back 4

detects stimuli created by the body itself. eg, balance, movement.

Front 5

What are reflexes

Back 5

stereotyped motor responses of an organism to a sensory stimulus

Front 6

Describe focal vision

Back 6

Fovea detects light from centre of visual field.
-specialised for object identification
-conscious, slow and demanding
-requires info processing

Front 7

Describe ambient vision

Back 7

Retina detects light from whole visual field
-specialised in movement control
-non-conscious, fast and inflexible
-detects motion of external objects eg, catching a ball.

Front 8

What is optical flow?

Back 8

The movement of patterns of light rays from the environment over your retina allowing perception of motion, position and timing.

Basicly- movement of light in retina

Front 9

Explain rods

Back 9

There are 20.
-highly sensitive, respond to dim lighting
-more are found on the outside of the eye
-important for peripheral vision

Front 10

Explain cones

Back 10

There is 1
-responds to bright lights
-colour vision
-mainly found in central region
-also found in peripheral

Front 11

What sensory receptor provides info about rapid change in muscle length?

Back 11

Muscle spindle

Front 12

What sensory receptor provide info about pressure

Back 12

Cutaneous

Front 13

What sensory receptor provides feedback about position?

Back 13

Joint receptor

Front 14

What sensory receptor provides feedback about force/tension in the muscles?

Back 14

golgi tendon organ

Front 15

What is mental practice?

Back 15

rehearsing a skill in your head without actually performing the skill

Front 16

What are the 4 basic principles of practice?

Back 16

1. Amount and Quality
2. Learning v Performance
3. Guidance
4. Mental Practice

Front 17

What are the 4 categories of practice?

Back 17

1. whole v part
2. massed v distributed
3. random v blocked
4. constant v variable

Front 18

What is progression practice?

Back 18

You separate the skill into sections and then practice one part. Once you have practiced it enough you then practice the next section with it and so on.

Front 19

Decisions about whether to use whole or part practice is based on ....?

Back 19

Complexity and organisation

Front 20

What is blocked practice?

Back 20

when ALL the trials for a task are completed on that day before moving on to the next task

Front 21

What is random practice?

Back 21

the order of the tasks are randomised so that practice of various tasks are mixed.

Front 22

What is massed practice?

Back 22

When there is fewer practice session, but they are longer and the rest between sessions is short.

Front 23

What is distributed practice??

Back 23

When there is many practice sessions but they are short and the rest time is long.

Front 24

Why is distributed practice better??

Back 24

1. less fatigue
2. more cognitive effort
3. better memory consolidation

Front 25

Best practice method and feedback for verbal stage?

Back 25

Blocked and constant practice
Frequent KP's.

Front 26

Best practice methods and feedback for motor stage?

Back 26

Variable and random practice
Reduced frequency- faded, summary, average, bandwidth

Front 27

What is intrinsic feedback?

Back 27

Feedback received internally. Touch, smell, auditory.

Front 28

What is extrinsic feedback?

Back 28

Feedback from external source.

Front 29

What is KP?

Back 29

Knowledge of performance eg, movement patterns.

Front 30

What is KR?

Back 30

Knowledge of results eg, score, time

Front 31

What is Thorndike's law of effect?

Back 31

When an action is completed and receives positive reinforcements, its likely to be repeated.

Front 32

What is program feedback?

Back 32

provides learner with info about their fundamental patters of movement eg, rhythm, co-ordination, timing.

Front 33

What is parameter feedback?

Back 33

provides learner with info about the parameter values to make movement fit for environmental requirements e.g., amplitude, speed, force.

Front 34

What is faded feedback?

Back 34

in early stages, feedback is used a lot, once skill level is increased, the amount of extrinsic feedback is reduced.

Front 35

What is bandwidth feedback?

Back 35

preset band of correctives. only receives positive feedback by default.

Front 36

What is average feedback?

Back 36

Feedback is given after a number of sessions about the average performance

Front 37

what is summary feedback?

Back 37

feedback is given after numerous trails. feedback is given about all trials.

Front 38

what is average feedback?

Back 38

after a series of trials, the coach gives feedback about the average performance.

Front 39

what are the main 3 pre practice considerations?

Back 39

1. the goal of practice
2. individual differences
3. task classification