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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Upper airway structures
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-nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx and larynx
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Lower Airway
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-Trachea, R/L bronchus, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, alveloi
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visisble during intubation
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-epiglottis, glottis, rima glottis
-false vocal cords, true vocal cords -2 of aryneiod cartilage |
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Nasopharynx
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-from posterior nares to soft palate
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Oropharynx
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-soft palate to hyoid bone
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Laryngopharynx
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-hyoid bone to start of esophagus
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Larynx
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-laryngopharynx to top of trachea, contains hyoid anc cricoid cartilage, vocal cords and structures visible during intubation
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Trachea
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-11cm long, 1 inch wide, from larynx to carina, smooth muscle and C rings of cartilage, lined with psudostratified columnar epithelium
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carina
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-r and l bronchus dividing point, sensitive to stimulation causes cough and constriction
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dead air space
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-ventilation without perfusion
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anatomic dead air space
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-amount of air in respiratory tract that does not penetrate to alveoli
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Alveoloar dead air space
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-air penetrates to alveoli that is not perfused
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Physiologic dead air space
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-sum of both anatomic and alveolar dead air space
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Left shift Oxy-hem dissociation
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-alkalosis
-lower pCO2 -decreased temp -low levels of 2,3 DPG -Hemoglobins like myoglobin and fetal Hb |
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right shift Oxy-hem dissociation
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-acidosis
-higher pCO2 -increased temp -high levels of 2,3 DPG |
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Bohr effect
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-shift in curve by changes in CO2 and hydrogen Ion concentrations of blood
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Haldane effect
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-effect of oxygen on co2 tranport in blood (o2 dissociation from hemoglobin facilitates the pickup of CO2
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Blood Gases
(ph) (PaCO2) (HCO3) (PaO2) (SaO2) |
-7.35 to 7.45 (H ion conc)
-35 to 45mmHg (dissolved CO2 in blood or ventilatory effectivenss) -22 to 26mEq/L (metabolic effectiveness) -80 to 100mmHg (O2 content of blood) -95 % to 100% (percent of hemoglobin saturated |
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-Intracelluar Fluid
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-fluid within cells
-two times larger than extracelluar fluid (40%) |
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Extracellular (2 compartments)
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-Interstitial (15%)
-Intravascular (plamsa-5%) |
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Anions
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-chloride (Cl-)
-bicarbonate (HCO3-) -protein -phosphate |
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Cations
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-Potassium (K+)
-Sodium (Na+) -Calcium (Ca++) -Magnesium (Mg+) |
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Intracellular Anions and Cations
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-proteins, phosphate (anions)
-K+, Mg+ (cations) |
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Extracellular Anions and Cations
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-Bicarbonate, chloride (anions)
-Sodium, calcium (cations) |
