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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the makeup of urine?
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Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with the remaining constituents, in order of decreasing concentration urea 9.3 g/L, chloride 1.87 g/L, sodium 1.17 g/L, potassium 0.750 g/L, creatinine 0.670 g/L and other dissolved ions, inorganic and organic compounds.
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How does the normal pulse rate change over the development of the human body?
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The normal range decreases as the patient gets older...
Infant 100-160 Toddler 90-150 Preschooler 80-140 School age 70-120 Adolescent 60-100 Adult 60-100 |
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How does normal blood pressure vary with age...
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Minimum systolic
------------------------- Infant to 12 months >60 Toddler (1-3) >70 Preschooler >75 School aged child >80 Adolescent >90 |
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What is a way you can calculate the minimum acceptable blood pressure?
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70 + 2 x age
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What is the normal respiratory range and how does it change with development?
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Infant 30-60
Toddler 24-40 Preschooler 22-34 School Aged Child 18-30 Adolescent 12-16 Adult 12-20 |
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What are the different parts of the apgar scale?
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Appearence (Skin colour/Complexion)
0 - blue or pale all over 1 - blue at extremities body pink 2 - no cyanosis body and extremities pink Pulse Rate 0 - Absent 1 - <100 2 - ≥100 Grimace (reflex irritability) 0 - no response to stimulation 1 - grimace/feeble cry when stimulated 2 - cry or pull away when stimulated Acitvity (muscle tone) 0 - none 1 - some flexion 2 - flexed arms and legs that resist extension Respiration (breathing) 0 - absent 1 - weak, irregular, gasping 2 - strong, lusty cry |
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What are the elements for the glasgow coma scale?
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Eyes
1) Does not open eyes 2) Opens eyes in response to painful stimuli 3) Opens eyes in response to voice 4) Opens eyes spontaneously Verbal 1) Makes no sounds 2) Incomprehensible sounds 3) Utters inappropriate words 4) Confused, disoriented 5) Oriented, converses normally Motor 1) Makes no movements 2) Decerebrate 3) Decorticate 4) Flexion / Withdrawal to painful stimuli 5) Localizes painful stimuli 6) Obeys commands |
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What is the pediatric GCS?
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Eyes
1 - Does not open eyes 2 - Opens eyes in response to painful stimuli 3 - Opens eyes in response to speech 4 - Opens eyes spontaneously Verbal 1 - No verbal response 2 - Inconsolable, agitated 3 - Inconsistently inconsolable, moaning 4 - Cries but consolable, inappropriate interactions 5 - Smiles, orients to sounds, follows objects, interacts Motor 1 - No motor response 2 - Extension to pain (decerebrate response) 3 - Abnormal flexion to pain for an infant (decorticate response) 4 - Infant withdraws from pain 5 - Infant withdraws from touch 6 - Infant moves spontaneously or purposefully |
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How is blood glucose measured?
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mmol/l
normal range 4.0-8.0 |
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How are IV's calculated?
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amount needed x dropset / time in minutes
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What is the parkland burn formula?
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4 x % area of the burn x body weight in kg
Half this amount to be given in the first 8 hours. |
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Why is glucagon contraindicated in patients with known pheochromocytoma?
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The gulcagon stimulates catocholamine release which in patients with pheochromocytoma can result in a sudden spike in blood pressure.
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Why is atrovent cautioned for use with patients with narrow angle glycoma?
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It can cause an increase in intraocular pressure. This may then cause further damage to the patients eye.
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