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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Emphysema (Pink Puffers) |
The Alveoli in the patients lungs are unable to completely deflate and unable to to fill with fresh air for adequate ventilations.
This damage causes the exchange of c02 and 02 to be inadequate.
* The linings between air sacs are destroyed, creating air pockets in the lungs.
Main cause is smoking and symptoms are laboured breathing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nBPqSiLg5E |
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Chronic Bronchities (Blue Bloaters) |
Inflammation of the Bronchi (airways that carry air to your lungs), which results in access mucous.
over time patient will experience insufficient oxygenation of blood (hypoxemia) laboured breathing (hypoventilation) and right sided heart failure.
- S.O.B
- Tight Chest |
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Asthma |
The muscle tissue in the walls of the constricted bronchi go into spasms.
The airways in the lungs respond by constricting when exposed to allergens and irritants.
ASTHMA ALWAYS WHEEZES, BUT NOT ALL WHEEZES ARE ASTHMA.
To understand asthma, it helps to know how the airways work. The airways are tubes that carry air into and out of your lungs. People who have asthma have inflamed airways.
The inflammation makes the airways swollen and very sensitive. The airways tend to react strongly to certain inhaled substances.
When the airways react, the muscles around them tighten. This narrows the airways, causing less air to flow into the lungs.
The swelling also can worsen, making the airways even narrower. Cells in the airways might make more mucus than usual. Mucus is a sticky, thick liquid that can further narrow the airways. |
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List the Diagonstic Signs |
L.O.C
Skin
Pupils
Respirations
Pulse
Blood pressure
sp02
Blood Glucose Level
Body Tempature |
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CPR/Ventilation/respiration/circuation rates |
AR Rates
Adults Puberty + ALERT RIGHT AWAY
1 breath 5-6 seconds. 12/min pulse point: Carotid
1 & 2 person CPR: 30:2. 5 cycles
Strength: 2 hands
Position: center of chest
choking and consicous: 5 back and 5 Abd
Children (1-puberty) GIVE 5 CYCLES IF NEEDED THEN ALERT EMS
1 breath every 3-5 seconds. 20/min
Pulse point: Carotid Femoral
1 person CPR: 30:2
2 person CPR: 15:2. 10 cycles
Strength: 1 or 2 hands
Position: Center of chest
choking and concious: 5 back 5 ABD thrusts
Infant 0-1 GIVE 5 CYCLES IF NEEDED THEN ALERT EMS
AR: 1 breath every 3-5 seconds. 20/min
Pulse Point: Brachial, Femoral
1 person CPR: 30:2
2 person CPR: 15:2. 10 cycles
Strength: 2 fingers
Position: Just below the nipple
choking and concious: 5 back 5 chest
ADVANCED AIRWAY IN PLACE, 1 BREATH EVERY 6-8 SECONDS.
cpr |
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masks,type flow rate concentration level |
masks with percentages
Flow Rate 02 concentration
Nasal Cannula 1-6 m/L 24-44%
Simple Mask 6-10m/L 40-60%
N.R.B 10-15m/L 60-90%
Pocket Mask 10-15 m/L 40-60% 16% without
Bag valve mask 10-15m/L 90-100% 21% without
Toxicity
> 40% o2 is administered for greater than 24 hours
Humidfication
o2 administered for greater than 30 minutes |
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O.P.A
how to measure
when to use
how to insert and remove for adult and child.
how long to suction for adult child infant |
corner of the mouth to tip of the ear (facing up)
Use when patient is unconcious
Insert upside down until resistance is felt than turn 180 degrees
Pull straight out to remove
Insert straight in for child
Adult 15 seconds
Child 10 seconds
Infant 5 seconds |
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N.P.A
When to use
When not to use
How to measure insert and remove |
Use with suspected trama to jaw trama to mouth
intact gag reflex
excessive vomitting
dont use if:
suspected head, skull or nose trauma
Measure:
Tip of jaw to corner of ear
Insertion:
chose larger of 2 nostrils
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SP02 reading & adverse effects
Things that interfere/give inaccurate reading |
Concentration of oxygen in the blood, the saturation of oxygen on hemigloben, how much oxygen the hemoglobin is carrying.: hemoglobian is apart of the blood that carries oxygen. oxygen does not free flow
Normal 95-100%
low but not necessarily health concerning 90-95%
below 90% considered threatening resulting in hopoxemia
What gives innaccurate reading:
Poisioning
inadqequate blood supply
cold fingers
nail polish
can also be used on ear lobe or toes. |
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C.O.P.D Drive to breathe |
normal: ^ co2
C.O.P.D: low o2
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Pneumonia |
Is an inflammation of the lungs usually caused by infection. with pneumonia the alveoi fill with liquid or pus which interfers with the lungs ability to tranfers oxygen to the blood.
most common causes are bacteria and virsues |
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Pulmonary Edema |
Abnormal build up of fluid in the avoeli which leads to S.O.B
Pulmonary Edema is caused by heart failure, as the heart fails pressure in the veins going through the lungs starts to rise. the rise in pressure leads to fluid build up.
Hemoptysis
Edema is caused by body not functioning properely, I.E kidney failure heart failure which causes pressure and fluid leaks and builds inside in the lung in the avoeli |
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Pulmonary Embolism |
Is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by fat, air tumor tissue or a blood clot.
Clot is pushed into heart then eventually into the pulmonary artery into the lungs and because that artery gets smaller and smaller the clots eventually blocks the path. |
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Formula for finding how much time you have in an oxygen tank.
D ?
E ?
M?
whats safe risdual pressure? |
Safe risidual pressure= 200 psi
D= 0.16
E= 0.28
M=1.56
(Remainingpsi)-(200)X(D.E.M) -------------------------------------- Flow rate |
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AED Protocols |
1. pregant patients, wedge under right hip for circulation
2. All ages
3. hypothermic patients |
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Safety concerns for AED |
1. Clear the patient analyzing and during shock
2. no movement (stop ambulance if needed)
3. Implated pacemaker 25cm/1inch away
4. Remove medication patch and shave and wipe chest.
5. safe to use on metal or wet surface, make sure to dry and clear patient before using |
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Witnessed arrest for AED |
CPR is done till AED is setup |
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Unwitnessed arrest for AED |
Priority goes to priming the pump "heart"
CPR is done for 2 minutes then use AED
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Shockable rhythms for AED |
Ventrical Tachycardia (Heart going to fast)
Ventrical Fiberlation (disorganized chaos, cells shooting elecrtricity) |
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AED: P.E.A and E.M.D |
Pulseness Elecrtrical Activity
Electrical Mechincal Disslocation
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AED: difference between automated and semi automated |
Automated: machine delivers the shock
Semi Automated: Rescuer delievers the shock |
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AED Electrical conduction pathway |
S.A node 60-100 per min
A.V node 40-60 permin
Bundle of his 20-40 permin
Purkinje fibres 0-20 permin |
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BChilds respiratory anatomy vs adult |
Childs breathing is smaller, diaphram breather.
Child has a bigger tongue
Childs trachea is smaller and shorter
Childs Lung volume is smaller |
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Define respirtaory distress and list signs and symptoms |
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs when fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs. More fluid in your lungs means less oxygen can reach your bloodstream. This deprives your organs of the oxygen they need to function.
ARDS starts with the tiny blood vessels in the lungs. These vessels leak fluid into the lung sacs. The fluid decreases the ability of the lungs to move oxygen into the body.
S/S
Dyspnea (S.O.B)
Tachypnea (abnormal rapid breathing)
Severe hypoxaemia (decreased oxygen concentration in the blood)
Pulmonary hypertension (increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries)
Cynaosis (Bluish discolouration of the skin due to poor oxygen levels
Rapid pulse
Fever
Chills
Sharp pain between the ribs with each breath
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Define Hypoxia, S/S |
The tissues in your body are not being oxygenated adequately, usually due to innsufficent oxygen in the blood. (Not Enough oxygen)
S/S
Cynaosis
ALT. L.O.C
SPo2 Rate:
Mild: 93-95%
Moderate: 90-92%
Severe <90%
In adults the pulse will increase
In peds the pulse will go down.
Causes of hyopxia:
Severe bleeding
Heart Failure
Alitutude
Head Trauma
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Define Anoxia |
A complete diprivation of oxygen supply in the blood (Severe hypoxia) |
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Define Apena |
Pauses in breathing or shortness of breathing, most common in sleep |
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Define Dyspnea |
Sudden and severe shortness of breath D |
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Define Tachycardia |
Abnormally fast resting heart rate. 100+ per minute |
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Define Bradycardia |
Slow heart beat, less than 60 beats per minute |
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Signs of adequate respiration |
Equal chest rise
Depth/rate
Adult 12-20
Child 20-40
Infant 30-50 |
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Signs of inadequate respiration |
Accesory muscle use:
abdominals
trapizus |
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Signs of inadequate breathing |
Laboured, gasping.
Tripod position
Irreuglar rate
Bradypnea (too slow)
<8 adult
<10 child
<20 infant
Tachpnea >30 Adult |
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Causes of an airway obstruction |
Swelling
Anaphylaxis
Infection
Trauma
Burns Non Food
Tongue
Blood
Water Vomit |
